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Comment se sont équilibrés les marchés régionaux du travail depuis 10 ans ?

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  • Laurence Descours
  • Alain Jacquot

Abstract

[spa] l Cômo se equilibraron los mercados régionales laborales en los ûltimos diez anos ? . En materia de empleo, las regiones del Sud, "Ile de France" y "Rhône-Alpes" resultaron ser las mes dinamicas entre 1 982 y 1 990. Beneficiaron también de la Ilegada de activos provenientes de otras regiones. Inversamente, los regiones del Norte y del Este padecieron fuertemente las consecuencias de las reestructuraciones de la industria, con la excepciôn notable de Alsacia. Las regiones de Lorraine y Franche-Comté pudieron contener la expansion del desempleo mediante el desarrollo del trabajo fronterizo. . La relaciôn entre empleo y desocupaciôn no es mecânica : las regiones méridionales, creadoras de mayores puestos de trabajo fueron también aquéllas en las que se extend iô mâs el desempleo. Esta paradoja aparente es debida, esencialmente, a los movimientos de las tasas de actividad. La actividad de los jôvenes, sostenida por el dinamismo del empleo, ha disminuido menos que en el Norte. Las tasas de actividad de las mujeres aumentaron sensiblemente en el Sud aproximândose asi a la media nacional. [eng] How the Local Labour Markets Established an Equilibrium Over the Last Ten Years . In terms of employment, the southern regions, Ile-de- France and Rhône-Alpes were the most dynamic between 1982 and 1990. They also benefited by the arrival of new workers coming from other regions. On the contrary, the northern and eastern regions have been directly hit by industrial restructuring, with the noticeable exception of Alsace. Lorraine and Franche-Comté were able to check the growth of unemployment thanks to the increasing number of people who commute accross the border. . The link between employment and unemployment is not a mechanical one : the southern regions, which create the highest number of jobs are also the regions where unemployment has risen most. This apparent paradox is due, mostly, to changes in labourforce participation rates. Supported by the dynamism of employment, young people's participation rates have receded less than in the north. And the percentage of working women has noticeably risen in the south, thus becoming closer to the national average. [fre] Comment se sont équilibrés les marchés régionaux du travail depuis 10 ans ? . En matière d'emploi, les régions du Sud, l'Ile-de-France et Rhône-Alpes se sont montrées les plus dynamiques entre 1982 et 1990. Elles ont aussi bénéficié de l'arrivée de nouveaux actifs, venus d'autres régions. A l'inverse, les régions du Nord et de l'Est, ont subi de plein fouet les restructurations de l'industrie, à l'exception notable de l'Alsace. La Lorraine et la Franche-Comté ont pu contenir l'extension du chômage par le développement du travail frontalier. . La relation entre l'emploi et le chômage n'est pas mécanique : les régions méridionales, les plus créatrices d'emplois, sont aussi celles où le chômage a le plus progressé. Ce paradoxe apparent tient, pour l'essentiel, aux mouvements des taux d'activité. Soutenue par le dynamisme de l'emploi, l'activité des jeunes a beaucoup moins fléchi que dans le Nord. Et les taux d'activité des femmes ont sensiblement augmenté dans le Sud, se rapprochant ainsi de la moyenne nationale.

Suggested Citation

  • Laurence Descours & Alain Jacquot, 1992. "Comment se sont équilibrés les marchés régionaux du travail depuis 10 ans ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 253(1), pages 15-27.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1992_num_253_1_5647
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1992.5647
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1992.5647
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    1. DaVanzo, Julie, 1978. "Does Unemployment Affect Migration?-Evidence from Micro Data," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 60(4), pages 504-514, November.
    2. Marc Cohen-Solal & Laurence Descours & Linda Deschamps & Alain Jacquot, 1991. "Les migrations alternantes : un volant d'ajustement du marché du travail," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 249(1), pages 109-119.
    3. Pissarides, Christopher A & Wadsworth, Jonathan, 1989. "Unemployment and the Inter-regional Mobility of Labour," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 99(397), pages 739-755, September.
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    1. Nicole Tabard, 1993. "Des quartiers pauvres aux banlieues aisées : une représentation sociale du territoire," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 270(1), pages 5-22.
    2. Jean-Michel Durr & Jean-Christophe Fanouillet, 1993. "La France vieillit mais les contrastes régionaux s'atténuent," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 264(1), pages 3-16.
    3. Danièle Guillemot & Olivier Marchand, 1993. "1982-1990 : La population active continue à croître," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 261(1), pages 7-21.
    4. César Centi, 1993. "Les enjeux du modèle niçois. L'approche localiste du développement en question," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 44(4), pages 685-712.
    5. Sophie Mantel, 1993. "Quelles perspectives pour la mobilité du travail ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 262(1), pages 111-121.

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