IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0293975.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Balancing equity and policyholder protection: Assessing insurer’s interests in green lending under cap-and-trade regulations

Author

Listed:
  • Shi Chen
  • Yonghong Zhao
  • Shiu-Chieh Chiu
  • Jingfei Wu
  • Jyh-Horng Lin

Abstract

This paper presents a contingent claim model designed to assess an insurer’s equity within the framework of carbon trading regulations imposed on borrowing firms while also considering the integration of green lending. The development of this model is particularly relevant for regions with established carbon trading markets, with a specific focus on the post-period following the 2015 Paris Agreement concerning climate change. We focus on shareholders and policyholders to optimize equity and ensure maximum protection. Strict caps in cap-and-trade harm interest margins, reducing guaranteed rates for equity maximization and compromising policyholder protection. Government intervention through sustainable production carbon trading hinders win-win outcomes. Green subsidies can improve insurer margins, but achieving win-win solutions remains challenging. A collective approach is needed to share sustainable production and finance benefits among diverse economic sectors.

Suggested Citation

  • Shi Chen & Yonghong Zhao & Shiu-Chieh Chiu & Jingfei Wu & Jyh-Horng Lin, 2023. "Balancing equity and policyholder protection: Assessing insurer’s interests in green lending under cap-and-trade regulations," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(11), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0293975
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293975
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293975
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293975&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0293975?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hong, Jimin & Seog, S. Hun, 2018. "Life insurance settlement and the monopolistic insurance market," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 36-50.
    2. Schokkaert, Erik & Devolder, Pierre & Hindriks, Jean & Vandenbroucke, Frank, 2020. "Towards an equitable and sustainable points system. A proposal for pension reform in Belgium," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 19(1), pages 49-79, January.
    3. Zhang, Yanfang & Wei, Jinpeng & Gao, Qi & Shi, Xunpeng & Zhou, Dequn, 2022. "Coordination between the energy-consumption permit trading scheme and carbon emissions trading: Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    4. Chen, Shi & Huang, Fu-Wei & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2023. "Green technology choices under the cap-and-trade mechanism with insurer green finance in a dragon-king environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    5. Dermine, Jean & Lajeri, Fatma, 2001. "Credit risk and the deposit insurance premium: a note," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(5), pages 497-508.
    6. Romp, Ward & Beetsma, Roel, 2020. "Sustainability of pension systems with voluntary participation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 125-140.
    7. Li, Xuelian & Chen, Lingzhi & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2023. "Cap-and-trade mechanisms, green technology investment, and shadow insurance in a black swan environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    8. Easwaran Narassimhan & Kelly S. Gallagher & Stefan Koester & Julio Rivera Alejo, 2018. "Carbon pricing in practice: a review of existing emissions trading systems," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(8), pages 967-991, September.
    9. Jennifer Lees-Marshment & Aimee Dinnin Huff & Neil Bendle, 2020. "A Social Commons Ethos in Public Policy-Making," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 166(4), pages 761-778, November.
    10. Lim, Weng Marc & Rasul, Tareq & Kumar, Satish & Ala, Mamun, 2022. "Past, present, and future of customer engagement," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 439-458.
    11. Laura Chiaramonte & Alberto Dreassi & Andrea Paltrinieri & Stefano Piserà, 2020. "Sustainability Practices and Stability in the Insurance Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-25, July.
    12. Shuanglian Chen & Zhehao Huang & Benjamin M. Drakeford & Pierre Failler, 2019. "Lending Interest Rate, Loaning Scale, and Government Subsidy Scale in Green Innovation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-22, November.
    13. Trinks, Arjan & Mulder, Machiel & Scholtens, Bert, 2020. "An Efficiency Perspective on Carbon Emissions and Financial Performance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Chen, Shi & Chen, Dong & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2024. "Promoting energy conservation in manufacturing through sustainable insurance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    2. Chen, Shi & Huang, Fu-Wei & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2023. "Green technology choices under the cap-and-trade mechanism with insurer green finance in a dragon-king environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    3. Li, Xuelian & Chen, Lingzhi & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2023. "Cap-and-trade mechanisms, green technology investment, and shadow insurance in a black swan environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    4. Lu, Tinghui & Li, Xuelian & Lin, Jyh-Horng & Chang, Ching-Hui & Cai, Zhantong, 2024. "Assessing the impact of climate policies on equity risk under sustainable insurance: Cap-and-trade regulation, energy-saving technology subsidies, and carbon tariffs," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    5. Li, Xuelian & Lu, Tinghui & Lin, Jyh-Horng & Lai, Yingkuan, 2023. "Assessing insurer green finance in response to manufacturing carbon emissions trading in a dragon-king environment: A capped barrier cap option approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    6. Chen, Shi & Bai, Hanhan & Wang, Bin & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2024. "Social enterprise, renewable energy, and cap-and-trade under sustainable insurance," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    7. Li, Xuelian & Wu, Guanyang & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2023. "Enhancing borrowing-firm equity through renewable energy adoption, consumer green awareness, and insurer sustainable finance," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    8. Chen, Shi & Zhao, Yonghong & Chang, Chuen-Ping & Lin, Jyh-Horng & Chang, Ching-Hui, 2024. "Vertical acquisition and carbon capture and storage choices under cap-and-trade regulation with sustainable finance," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    9. Li, Xuelian & Zhou, Wei & Lin, Jyh-Jiuan & Chang, Ching-Hui, 2023. "Insurer financing for borrowing producers in a supply chain under alternative carbon allowance trades," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    10. Shi Chen & Fu-Wei Huang & Jyh-Horng Lin, 2022. "Effects of Cap-and-Trade Mechanism and Financial Gray Rhino Threats on Insurer Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-20, July.
    11. Chen, Shi & Huang, Fu-Wei & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2022. "Life insurance policyholder protection, government green subsidy, and cap-and-trade transactions in a black swan environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    12. Chen, Shi & Zhao, Yonghong & Huang, Fu-Wei & Wang, Bin & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2024. "Carbon leakage perspective: Unveiling policy dilemmas in emission trading and carbon tariffs under insurer green finance," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    13. Fu-Wei Huang & Jyh-Jiuan Lin, 2023. "Insurer green finance under regulatory cap-and-trade mechanism associated with green/polluting production during a war," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(3), pages 1-19, March.
    14. Zhou, Wei & Li, Xuelian & Lin, Jyh-Horng & Chang, Chuen-Ping & Cai, Yujie, 2024. "Aligning common prosperity with sustainable development goals 3 and 7 through sustainable insurance," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    15. Li, Xuelian & Zhou, Wei & Lo, Tang-Yun & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2024. "International climate policy dilemmas: Examining effective carbon tariff and cap-and-trade regulation from a sustainable insurance perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    16. Chen, Shi & Duan, Xiaoyu & Lin, Jyh-Horng & Chang, Ching-Hui, 2024. "Impact of carbon capture and storage, cap-and-trade, and multiproduct cost structure on pollution in an oligopoly," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    17. Zhao, Yonghong & Huang, Fu-Wei & Chang, Ching-Hui & Lin, Jyh-Jiuan, 2024. "Domestic and foreign cap-and-trade regulations, carbon tariffs, and product tariffs during international trade conflicts: A multiproduct cost-efficiency analysis," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    18. Fu-Wei Huang & Panpan Lin & Jyh-Horng Lin & Ching-Hui Chang, 2023. "The impact of war on insurer safety: a contingent claim model analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-6, December.
    19. Shi Chen & Fu-Wei Huang & Jyh-Horng Lin, 2022. "Borrowing-Firm Emission Trading, Bank Rate-Setting Behavior, and Carbon-Linked Lending under Capital Regulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, May.
    20. Xuelian Li & Tinghui Lu & Jyh-Horng Lin & Ching-Hui Chang, 2024. "Insurer green financing for a supply chain under cap-and-trade regulation: a capped call contingent claim analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-12, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0293975. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.