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Connecting past to present: Examining different approaches to linking historical redlining to present day health inequities

Author

Listed:
  • Clemens Noelke
  • Michael Outrich
  • Mikyung Baek
  • Jason Reece
  • Theresa L Osypuk
  • Nancy McArdle
  • Robert W Ressler
  • Dolores Acevedo-Garcia

Abstract

In the 1930’s, the Home Owner Loan Corporation (HOLC) drafted maps to quantify variation in real estate credit risk across US city neighborhoods. The letter grades and associated risk ratings assigned to neighborhoods discriminated against those with black, lower class, or immigrant residents and benefitted affluent white neighborhoods. An emerging literature has begun linking current individual and community health effects to government redlining, but each study faces the same measurement problem: HOLC graded area boundaries and neighborhood boundaries in present-day health datasets do not match. Previous studies have taken different approaches to classify present day neighborhoods (census tracts) in terms of historical HOLC grades. This study reviews these approaches, examines empirically how different classifications fare in terms of predictive validity, and derives a predictively optimal present-day neighborhood redlining classification for neighborhood and health research.

Suggested Citation

  • Clemens Noelke & Michael Outrich & Mikyung Baek & Jason Reece & Theresa L Osypuk & Nancy McArdle & Robert W Ressler & Dolores Acevedo-Garcia, 2022. "Connecting past to present: Examining different approaches to linking historical redlining to present day health inequities," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(5), pages 1-23, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0267606
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267606
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel Aaronson & Daniel Hartley & Bhashkar Mazumder, 2021. "The Effects of the 1930s HOLC "Redlining" Maps," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 355-392, November.
    2. Raj Chetty & John N. Friedman & Nathaniel Hendren & Maggie R. Jones & Sonya R. Porter, 2026. "The Opportunity Atlas: Mapping the Childhood Roots of Social Mobility," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 116(1), pages 1-51, January.
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