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Role of e-cigarettes and pharmacotherapy during attempts to quit cigarette smoking: The PATH Study 2013-16

Author

Listed:
  • John P Pierce
  • Tarik Benmarhnia
  • Ruifeng Chen
  • Martha White
  • David B Abrams
  • Bridget K Ambrose
  • Carlos Blanco
  • Nicolette Borek
  • Kelvin Choi
  • Blair Coleman
  • Wilson M Compton
  • K Michael Cummings
  • Cristine D Delnevo
  • Tara Elton-Marshall
  • Maciej L Goniewicz
  • Shannon Gravely
  • Geoffrey T Fong
  • Dorothy Hatsukami
  • James Henrie
  • Karin A Kasza
  • Sheila Kealey
  • Heather L Kimmel
  • Jean Limpert
  • Raymond S Niaura
  • Carolina Ramôa
  • Eva Sharma
  • Marushka L Silveira
  • Cassandra A Stanton
  • Michael B Steinberg
  • Ethel Taylor
  • Maansi Bansal-Travers
  • Dennis R Trinidad
  • Lisa D Gardner
  • Andrew Hyland
  • Samir Soneji
  • Karen Messer

Abstract

Background: More smokers report using e-cigarettes to help them quit than FDA-approved pharmacotherapy. Objective: To assess the association of e-cigarettes with future abstinence from cigarette and tobacco use. Design: Cohort study of US sample, with annual follow-up. Participants: US adult (ages 18+) daily cigarette smokers identified at Wave 1 (W1; 2013–14) of the PATH Study, who reported a quit attempt before W2 and completed W3 (n = 2443). Exposures: Use of e-cigarettes, pharmacotherapy (including nicotine replacement therapy), or no product for last quit attempt (LQA), and current daily e-cigarette use at W2. Analysis: Propensity score matching (PSM) of groups using different methods to quit. Outcome measures: 12+ months abstinence at W3 from cigarettes and from all tobacco (including e-cigarettes). 30+ days abstinence at W3 was a secondary outcome. Results: Among daily smokers with an LQA, 23.5% used e-cigarettes, 19.3% used pharmacotherapy only (including NRT) and 57.2% used no product. Cigarette abstinence for 12+ months at W3 was ~10% in each group. Half of the cigarette abstainers in the e-cigarette group were using e-cigarettes at W3. Different methods to help quitting had statistically comparable 12+ month cigarette abstinence at W3 (e-cigarettes vs no product: Risk Difference (RD) = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.06; e-cigarettes vs pharmacotherapy: RD = 0.02, 95% CI:-0.04 to 0.09). Likewise, daily e-cigarette users at W2 did not show a cessation benefit over comparable no-e-cigarette users and this finding was robust to sensitivity analyses. Abstinence for 30+ days at W3 was also similar across products. Limitations: The frequency of e-cigarette use during the LQA was not assessed, nor was it possible to assess continuous abstinence from the LQA. Conclusion: Among US daily smokers who quit cigarettes in 2014–15, use of e-cigarettes in that attempt compared to approved cessation aids or no products showed similar abstinence rates 1–2 years later.

Suggested Citation

  • John P Pierce & Tarik Benmarhnia & Ruifeng Chen & Martha White & David B Abrams & Bridget K Ambrose & Carlos Blanco & Nicolette Borek & Kelvin Choi & Blair Coleman & Wilson M Compton & K Michael Cummi, 2020. "Role of e-cigarettes and pharmacotherapy during attempts to quit cigarette smoking: The PATH Study 2013-16," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(9), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0237938
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237938
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yongji Wang & Hongwei Cai & Chanjuan Li & Zhiwei Jiang & Ling Wang & Jiugang Song & Jielai Xia, 2013. "Optimal Caliper Width for Propensity Score Matching of Three Treatment Groups: A Monte Carlo Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(12), pages 1-7, December.
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