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Association between socioeconomic position and cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural north India: The Solan Surveillance Study

Author

Listed:
  • Anubha Agarwal
  • Devraj Jindal
  • Vamadevan S Ajay
  • Dimple Kondal
  • Siddhartha Mandal
  • Shreeparna Ghosh
  • Mumtaj Ali
  • Kavita Singh
  • Mark D Huffman
  • Nikhil Tandon
  • Dorairaj Prabhakaran

Abstract

Background: Although most Indians live in rural settings, data on cardiovascular disease risk factors in these groups are limited. We describe the association between socioeconomic position and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a large rural population in north India. Methods: We performed representative, community-based sampling from 2013 to 2014 of Solan district in Himachal Pradesh. We used education, occupation, household income, and household assets as indicators of socioeconomic position. We used tobacco use, alcohol use, low physical activity, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We performed hierarchical multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex and clustering of the health sub-centers, to evaluate the cross-sectional association of socioeconomic position indicators and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Results: Among 38,457 participants, mean (SD) age was 42.7 (15.9) years, and 57% were women. The odds of tobacco use was lowest in participants with graduate school and above education (adjusted OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.09, 0.13), household income >15,000 INR (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.29, 0.43), and highest quartile of assets (adjusted OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.24, 0.34) compared with other groups but not occupation (skilled worker adjusted OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.74, 1.16). Alcohol use was lower among individuals in the higher quartile of income (adjusted OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64, 0.88) and assets (adjusted OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59, 0.82). The odds of obesity was highest in participants with graduate school and above education (adjusted OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.85, 2.94), household income > 15,000 Indian rupees (adjusted OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.63, 2.19), and highest quartile of household assets (adjusted OR 2.87, 95% CI 2.39, 3.45). The odds of prevalent hypertension and diabetes were also generally higher among individuals with higher socioeconomic position. Conclusions: Individuals with lower socioeconomic position in Himachal Pradesh were more likely to have abnormal behavioral risk factors, and individuals with higher socioeconomic position were more likely to have abnormal clinical risk factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Anubha Agarwal & Devraj Jindal & Vamadevan S Ajay & Dimple Kondal & Siddhartha Mandal & Shreeparna Ghosh & Mumtaj Ali & Kavita Singh & Mark D Huffman & Nikhil Tandon & Dorairaj Prabhakaran, 2019. "Association between socioeconomic position and cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural north India: The Solan Surveillance Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(7), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0217834
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217834
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Sukumar Vellakkal & S V Subramanian & Christopher Millett & Sanjay Basu & David Stuckler & Shah Ebrahim, 2013. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Non-Communicable Diseases Prevalence in India: Disparities between Self-Reported Diagnoses and Standardized Measures," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(7), pages 1-12, July.
    3. Md Ismail Tareque & Atsushi Koshio & Andrew D Tiedt & Toshihiko Hasegawa, 2015. "Are the Rates of Hypertension and Diabetes Higher in People from Lower Socioeconomic Status in Bangladesh? Results from a Nationally Representative Survey," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(5), pages 1-17, May.
    4. Rajeev Gupta & Prakash C Deedwania & Krishnakumar Sharma & Arvind Gupta & Soneil Guptha & Vijay Achari & Arthur J Asirvatham & Anil Bhansali & Balkishan Gupta & Sunil Gupta & Mallikarjuna V Jali & Tul, 2012. "Association of Educational, Occupational and Socioeconomic Status with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Asian Indians: A Cross-Sectional Study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(8), pages 1-10, August.
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