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Socioeconomic disparities in self-rated health in two East Asian countries: Comparative study between Japan and Korea

Author

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  • Kino, Shiho
  • Jang, Soong-nang
  • Takahashi, Shuko
  • Ebner, Daniel K.
  • Kawachi, Ichiro

Abstract

Although Japan and South Korea share a number of commonalities, social security systems are very different. We opt to compare socioeconomic disparities in self-rated health between these two countries. The analytic sample included those aged 20 years and older from the nationally representative surveys in Japan (Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions) and South Korea (Korean Community Health Survey). As socioeconomic status, we used income (quintiles of equivalized annual household income) and education (five categories). We measured socioeconomic inequalities using two indices; the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII), in each age group for each country. In Japan, we found relatively little evidence of socioeconomic inequalities in self-rated health over the life course, on either the absolute or relative scale. In Korea, the absolute inequality assessed by SII of self-rated poor health was higher in middle and old age groups compared to other age groups, while relative inequality measured by RII was significantly higher in younger ages. In Japan with more generous welfare system to the older generations, health inequality was relatively lower compared to Korea. The gaps in health status for Korean people suggest where social policy might direct their efforts in the future - (a) reducing inequalities in working-age people by addressing the gap between standard workers & non-standard workers; and (b) improving the financial conditions of older people by shoring up the social security system.

Suggested Citation

  • Kino, Shiho & Jang, Soong-nang & Takahashi, Shuko & Ebner, Daniel K. & Kawachi, Ichiro, 2020. "Socioeconomic disparities in self-rated health in two East Asian countries: Comparative study between Japan and Korea," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:253:y:2020:i:c:s0277953620301647
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112945
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Duncan, G.J. & Daly, M.C. & McDonough, P. & Williams, D.R., 2002. "Optimal indicators of socioeconomic status for health research," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(7), pages 1151-1157.
    2. Francesca Borgonovi & Artur Pokropek, 2016. "Education and Self-Reported Health: Evidence from 23 Countries on the Role of Years of Schooling, Cognitive Skills and Social Capital," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Kagamimori, Sadanobu & Gaina, Alexandru & Nasermoaddeli, Ali, 2009. "Socioeconomic status and health in the Japanese population," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 68(12), pages 2152-2160, June.
    4. repec:dau:papers:123456789/10510 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Akihiro Nishi & Ichiro Kawachi & Kokoro Shirai & Hiroshi Hirai & Seungwon Jeong & Katsunori Kondo, 2012. "Sex/Gender and Socioeconomic Differences in the Predictive Ability of Self-Rated Health for Mortality," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(1), pages 1-7, January.
    6. Duncan, G.J. & Daly, M.C. & McDonogh, P. & Williams, D.R., 2002. "Erratum: Optimal indicators of socioeconomic status for health research (American Journal of Public Health (2002) 92 (1151-1157))," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 92(8), pages 1212-1212.
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    3. Chiao-Lee Chu & Nozuko Lawana, 2021. "Decomposition of income-related inequality in health check-ups services participation among elderly individuals across the 2008 financial crisis in Taiwan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(6), pages 1-14, June.

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