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Interactive and Independent Associations between the Socioeconomic and Objective Built Environment on the Neighbourhood Level and Individual Health: A Systematic Review of Multilevel Studies

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  • Steffen Andreas Schüle
  • Gabriele Bolte

Abstract

Background: The research question how contextual factors of neighbourhood environments influence individual health has gained increasing attention in public health research. Both socioeconomic neighbourhood characteristics and factors of the built environment play an important role for health and health-related behaviours. However, their reciprocal relationships have not been systematically reviewed so far. This systematic review aims to identify studies applying a multilevel modelling approach which consider both neighbourhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and factors of the objective built environment simultaneously in order to disentangle their independent and interactive effects on individual health. Methods: The three databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were systematically searched with terms for title and abstract screening. Grey literature was not included. Observational studies from USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Western European countries were considered which analysed simultaneously factors of neighbourhood SEP and the objective built environment with a multilevel modelling approach. Adjustment for individual SEP was a further inclusion criterion. Results: Thirty-three studies were included in qualitative synthesis. Twenty-two studies showed an independent association between characteristics of neighbourhood SEP or the built environment and individual health outcomes or health-related behaviours. Twenty-one studies found cross-level or within-level interactions either between neighbourhood SEP and the built environment, or between neighbourhood SEP or the built environment and individual characteristics, such as sex, individual SEP or ethnicity. Due to the large variation of study design and heterogeneous reporting of results the identification of consistent findings was problematic and made quantitative analysis not possible. Conclusions: There is a need for studies considering multiple neighbourhood dimensions and applying multilevel modelling in order to clarify their causal relationship towards individual health. Especially, more studies using comparable characteristics of neighbourhood SEP and the objective built environment and analysing interactive effects are necessary to disentangle health impacts and identify vulnerable neighbourhoods and population groups.

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  • Steffen Andreas Schüle & Gabriele Bolte, 2015. "Interactive and Independent Associations between the Socioeconomic and Objective Built Environment on the Neighbourhood Level and Individual Health: A Systematic Review of Multilevel Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-31, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0123456
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123456
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    3. Mary A. Fox & L. Elizabeth Brewer & Lawrence Martin, 2017. "An Overview of Literature Topics Related to Current Concepts, Methods, Tools, and Applications for Cumulative Risk Assessment (2007–2016)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-28, April.
    4. Benjamin Aretz & Gabriele Doblhammer & Fanny Janssen, 2018. "Effects of Changes in Living Environment on Physical Health: A Prospective Cohort Study of Movers and Non-Movers in Germany," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 997, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
    5. Suzanne J. Carroll & Theo Niyonsenga & Neil T. Coffee & Anne W. Taylor & Mark Daniel, 2017. "Does Physical Activity Mediate the Associations Between Local-Area Descriptive Norms, Built Environment Walkability, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, August.
    6. Liang En Wee & Yun Ying Tammy Tsang & Sook Muay Tay & Andre Cheah & Mark Puhaindran & Jaime Yee & Shannon Lee & Kellynn Oen & Choon Huat Gerald Koh, 2019. "Perceived Neighborhood Environment and Its Association with Health Screening and Exercise Participation amongst Low-Income Public Rental Flat Residents in Singapore," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    7. Suzanne J Carroll & Michael J Dale & Theophile Niyonsenga & Anne W Taylor & Mark Daniel, 2020. "Associations between area socioeconomic status, individual mental health, physical activity, diet and change in cardiometabolic risk amongst a cohort of Australian adults: A longitudinal path analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-16, May.
    8. Steffen Andreas Schüle & Sarah Nanninga & Stefanie Dreger & Gabriele Bolte, 2018. "Relations between Objective and Perceived Built Environments and the Modifying Role of Individual Socioeconomic Position. A Cross-Sectional Study on Traffic Noise and Urban Green Space in a Large Germ," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-13, July.
    9. Morgan Clennin & Asia Brown & Min Lian & Marsha Dowda & Natalie Colabianchi & Russell R. Pate, 2020. "Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation Associated with Fat Mass and Weight Status in Youth," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-12, September.
    10. Maria Holst Algren & Carsten Kronborg Bak & Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff & Pernille Tanggaard Andersen, 2015. "Health-Risk Behaviour in Deprived Neighbourhoods Compared with Non-Deprived Neighbourhoods: A Systematic Literature Review of Quantitative Observational Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, October.
    11. Regina Grazuleviciene & Sandra Andrusaityte & Audrius Dėdelė & Tomas Grazulevicius & Leonas Valius & Aurimas Rapalavicius & Violeta Kapustinskiene & Inga Bendokiene, 2021. "Urban Environment and Health: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Influence of Environmental Quality and Physical Activity on Blood Pressure," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
    12. Séverine Deguen & Mary Amuzu & Valentin Simoncic & Wahida Kihal-Talantikite, 2022. "Exposome and Social Vulnerability: An Overview of the Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(6), pages 1-16, March.
    13. Gao, Kun & Yang, Ying & Gil, Jorge & Qu, Xiaobo, 2023. "Data-driven interpretation on interactive and nonlinear effects of the correlated built environment on shared mobility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).

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