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Chewing Betel Quid and the Risk of Metabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis

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  • Tomohide Yamada
  • Kazuo Hara
  • Takashi Kadowaki

Abstract

Background: Betel nut (Areca nut) is the fruit of the Areca catechu tree. Approximately 700 million individuals regularly chew betel nut (or betel quid) worldwide and it is a known risk factor for oral cancer and esophageal cancer. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the influence of chewing betel quid on metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Methodology/Principal Findings: We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Science Direct for pertinent articles (including the references) published between 1951 and 2013. The adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval were calculated using the random effect model. Sex was used as an independent category for comparison. Results: Of 580 potentially relevant studies, 17 studies from Asia (5 cohort studies and 12 case-control studies) covering 388,134 subjects (range: 94 to 97,244) were selected. Seven studies (N = 121,585) showed significant dose-response relationships between betel quid consumption and the risk of events. According to pooled analysis, the adjusted RR of betel quid chewers vs. non-chewers was 1.47 (P

Suggested Citation

  • Tomohide Yamada & Kazuo Hara & Takashi Kadowaki, 2013. "Chewing Betel Quid and the Risk of Metabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Disease, and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(8), pages 1-10, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0070679
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070679
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    1. Thung-Lip Lee & Chin-Feng Hsuan & Cheng-Ching Wu & Wei-Chin Hung & I-Ting Tsai & Ching-Ting Wei & Teng-Hung Yu & I-Cheng Lu & Fu-Mei Chung & Yau-Jiunn Lee & Yung-Chuan Lu, 2021. "Association between Triglyceride Glucose Index and Corrected QT Prolongation in Chinese Male Steelworkers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Yu-Chung Tsao & Wen-Cheng Li & Wei-Chung Yeh & Steve Wen-Neng Ueng & Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu & Jau-Yuan Chen, 2020. "The Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Related Factors among the Community-Dwelling Indigenous Population in Taiwan," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Suzanne M. de la Monte & Natalia Moriel & Amy Lin & Nada Abdullah Tanoukhy & Camille Homans & Gina Gallucci & Ming Tong & Ayumi Saito, 2020. "Betel Quid Health Risks of Insulin Resistance Diseases in Poor Young South Asian Native and Immigrant Populations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-21, September.

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