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MALDI-TOF: A new tool for the identification of Schistosoma cercariae and detection of hybrids

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  • Antoine Huguenin
  • Julien Kincaid-Smith
  • Jérôme Depaquit
  • Jérôme Boissier
  • Hubert Ferté

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a neglected water-born parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma affecting more than 200 million people. Introgressive hybridization is common among these parasites and raises issues concerning their zoonotic transmission. Morphological identification of Schistosoma cercariae is difficult and does not permit hybrids detection. Our objective was to assess the performance of MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assistated Laser Desorption-Ionization–Time Of Flight) mass spectrometry for the specific identification of cercariae in human and non-human Schistosoma and for the detection of hybridization between S. bovis and S. haematobium. Spectra were collected from laboratory reared molluscs infested with strains of S. haematobium, S. mansoni, S. bovis, S. rodhaini and S. bovis x S. haematobium natural (Corsican hybrid) and artificial hybrids. Cluster analysis showed a clear separation between S. haematobium, S. bovis, S. mansoni and S. rodhaini. Corsican hybrids are classified with those of the parental strain of S. haematobium whereas other hybrids formed a distinct cluster. In blind test analysis the developed MALDI-TOF spectral database permits identification of Schistosoma cercariae with high accuracy (94%) and good specificity (S. bovis: 99.59%, S. haematobium 99.56%, S. mansoni and S. rodhaini: 100%). Most misidentifications were between S. haematobium and the Corsican hybrids. The use of machine learning permits to improve the discrimination between these last two taxa, with accuracy, F1 score and Sensitivity/Specificity > 97%. In multivariate analysis the factors associated with obtaining a valid identification score (> 1.7) were absence of ethanol preservation (p

Suggested Citation

  • Antoine Huguenin & Julien Kincaid-Smith & Jérôme Depaquit & Jérôme Boissier & Hubert Ferté, 2023. "MALDI-TOF: A new tool for the identification of Schistosoma cercariae and detection of hybrids," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(3), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pntd00:0010577
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010577
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lê, Sébastien & Josse, Julie & Husson, François, 2008. "FactoMineR: An R Package for Multivariate Analysis," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 25(i01).
    2. Olivier Rey & Eve Toulza & Cristian Chaparro & Jean-François Allienne & Julien Kincaid-Smith & Eglantine Mathieu-Begné & Fiona Allan & David Rollinson & Bonnie L Webster & Jérôme Boissier, 2021. "Diverging patterns of introgression from Schistosoma bovis across S. haematobium African lineages," PLOS Pathogens, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(2), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Charles H King & Laura J Sutherland & David Bertsch, 2015. "Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Impact of Chemical-Based Mollusciciding for Control of Schistosoma mansoni and S . haematobium Transmission," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(12), pages 1-23, December.
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