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Neighborhood characteristics and HIV treatment outcomes: A scoping review

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  • Linda Jepkoech Kimaru
  • Magdiel A Habila
  • Namoonga M Mantina
  • Purnima Madhivanan
  • Elizabeth Connick
  • Kacey Ernst
  • John Ehiri

Abstract

Recognizing challenges faced by people living with HIV is vital for improving their HIV treatment outcomes. While individual-level interventions play a crucial role, community factors can shape the impact of individual interventions on treatment outcomes. Understanding neighborhood characteristics’ association with HIV treatment outcomes is crucial for optimizing effectiveness. This review aims to summarize the research scope on the association between neighborhood characteristics and HIV treatment outcomes. The databases PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Elsevier), and PsychINFO (EBSCOhost) were searched from the start of each database to Nov 21, 2022. Screening was performed by three independent reviewers. Full-text publications of all study design meeting inclusion criteria were included in the review. There were no language or geographical limitations. Conference proceedings, abstract only, and opinion reports were excluded from the review. The search yielded 7,822 publications, 35 of which met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Studies assessed the relationship between neighborhood-level disadvantage (n = 24), composition and interaction (n = 17), social-economic status (n = 18), deprivation (n = 16), disorder (n = 8), and rural-urban status (n = 7) and HIV treatment outcomes. The relationship between all neighborhood characteristics and HIV treatment outcomes was not consistent across studies. Only 7 studies found deprivation had a negative association with HIV treatment outcomes; 6 found that areas with specific racial/ethnic densities were associated with poor HIV treatment outcomes, and 5 showed that disorder was associated with poor HIV treatment outcomes. Three studies showed that rural residence was associated with improved HIV treatment outcomes. There were inconsistent findings regarding the association between neighborhood characteristics and HIV treatment outcomes. While the impact of neighborhood characteristics on disease outcomes is highly recognized, there is a paucity of standardized definitions and metrics for community characteristics to support a robust assessment of this hypothesis. Comparative studies that define and assess how specific neighborhood indicators independently or jointly affect HIV treatment outcomes are highly needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Linda Jepkoech Kimaru & Magdiel A Habila & Namoonga M Mantina & Purnima Madhivanan & Elizabeth Connick & Kacey Ernst & John Ehiri, 2024. "Neighborhood characteristics and HIV treatment outcomes: A scoping review," PLOS Global Public Health, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(2), pages 1-29, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pgph00:0002870
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002870
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Altschuler, Andrea & Somkin, Carol P. & Adler, Nancy E., 2004. "Local services and amenities, neighborhood social capital, and health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 59(6), pages 1219-1229, September.
    2. Prentice, Julia C., 2006. "Neighborhood effects on primary care access in Los Angeles," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 62(5), pages 1291-1303, March.
    3. Becker, G. & Newsom, E., 2003. "Socioeconomic Status and Dissatisfaction with Health Care among Chronically Ill African Americans," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(5), pages 742-748.
    4. Bécares, L. & Shaw, R. & Nazroo, J. & Stafford, M. & Albor, C. & Atkin, K. & Kiernan, K. & Wilkinson, R. & Pickett, K., 2012. "Ethnic density effects on physical morbidity, mortality, and health behaviors: A systematic review of the literature," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(12), pages 33-66.
    5. O'Brien, Daniel T. & Farrell, Chelsea & Welsh, Brandon C., 2019. "Broken (windows) theory: A meta-analysis of the evidence for the pathways from neighborhood disorder to resident health outcomes and behaviors," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 272-292.
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