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Dynamic Decision-Making Process of Evacuees during Post-Earthquake Evacuation near an Automatic Flap Barrier Gate System: A Broken Windows Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Yu Song

    (School of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China)

  • Jia Liu

    (School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China)

  • Qian Liu

    (School of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430072, China)

Abstract

The automatic flap barrier gate system (AFBGS) plays a critical role in building security, but it is more vulnerable to natural hazards than common exits (including power failure, due to earthquakes, and delayed evacuation, due to safety certification, etc.). This article considers a dynamic decision-making process of evacuees during post-earthquake evacuation near an AFBGS. An interesting metaphor, broken windows (BW), is utilized to interpret people’s actual behavior during evacuation. A multi-stage decision-making mechanism of evacuees is developed to characterize the instantaneous transition among three defined stages: Habitual, mild, and radical states. Then, we build a modified three-layer social force model to reproduce the interaction between evacuees based on an actual post-earthquake evacuation. The simulations reveal that BW provides a contextualized understanding of emergency evacuation with a similar effect to the traditional metaphor. An earlier appearance of a mild rule breaker leads to a higher crowd evacuation efficiency. If evacuees maintain the state of broken windows behavior (BWB), the crowd evacuation efficiency can be improved significantly. Contrary to the criminological interpretation, the overall effect of mild BWB is positive, but the radical BWB is encouraged under the command of guiders.

Suggested Citation

  • Yu Song & Jia Liu & Qian Liu, 2021. "Dynamic Decision-Making Process of Evacuees during Post-Earthquake Evacuation near an Automatic Flap Barrier Gate System: A Broken Windows Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:16:p:8771-:d:609188
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    1. Mohammed Mahmod Shuaib, 2021. "An Extension of the Exit Choice Model: Considering the Variance in the Perspectives of Evacuees When Interacting with the Spread of Fire," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-18, December.

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