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Reporting bias in the literature on the associations of health-related behaviors and statins with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality

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  • Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende
  • Juan Pablo Rey-López
  • Thiago Hérick de Sá
  • Nicholas Chartres
  • Alice Fabbri
  • Lauren Powell
  • Emmanuel Stamatakis
  • Lisa Bero

Abstract

Reporting bias in the literature occurs when there is selective revealing or suppression of results, influenced by the direction of findings. We assessed the risk of reporting bias in the epidemiological literature on health-related behavior (tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior) and cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality and provided a comparative assessment of reporting bias between health-related behavior and statin (in primary prevention) meta-analyses. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Methodology Register Database, and Web of Science for systematic reviews synthesizing the associations of health-related behavior and statins with cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality published between 2010 and 2016. Risk of bias in systematic reviews was assessed using the ROBIS tool. Reporting bias in the literature was evaluated via small-study effect and excess significance tests. We included 49 systematic reviews in our study. The majority of these reviews exhibited a high overall risk of bias, with a higher extent in health-related behavior reviews, relative to statins. We reperformed 111 meta-analyses conducted across these reviews, of which 65% had statistically significant results (P

Suggested Citation

  • Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende & Juan Pablo Rey-López & Thiago Hérick de Sá & Nicholas Chartres & Alice Fabbri & Lauren Powell & Emmanuel Stamatakis & Lisa Bero, 2018. "Reporting bias in the literature on the associations of health-related behaviors and statins with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality," PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pbio00:2005761
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005761
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    3. Marcus R. Munafò & Brian A. Nosek & Dorothy V. M. Bishop & Katherine S. Button & Christopher D. Chambers & Nathalie Percie du Sert & Uri Simonsohn & Eric-Jan Wagenmakers & Jennifer J. Ware & John P. A, 2017. "A manifesto for reproducible science," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 1-9, January.
    4. Erick H Turner & Daniel Knoepflmacher & Lee Shapley, 2012. "Publication Bias in Antipsychotic Trials: An Analysis of Efficacy Comparing the Published Literature to the US Food and Drug Administration Database," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-17, March.
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