IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/pid/journl/v62y2023i2p199-222.html

Is Economic Growth Inclusive in Punjab, Pakistan? A District Level Assessment Using the Composite Index (Article)

Author

Listed:
  • Ghulam Mohey-ud-din

    (The Urban Sector Planning and Management Services Unit (the Urban Unit), Lahore.)

  • Khadija Ikram

    (The Urban Sector Planning and Management Services Unit (the Urban Unit), Lahore.)

Abstract

This paper aims to develop a composite Inclusive Growth Index (IGI) for 36 districts of Punjab, incorporating six overarching dimensions including (i) economic, (ii) amenities, (iii) gender equity and financial inclusion, (iv) human development (v) governance and (vi) sustainability. Following the OECD’s Handbook of Composite Indices, the study uses a minmax approach for the normalisation of indicators followed by the weighted aggregation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for assigning weights to indicators in each dimension in the composite index. The study ranks the districts as out-performing, average-performing, and lagging districts in terms of social inclusion. According to the ranking, the central and northern districts of Punjab such as Lahore, Gujrat, and Rawalpindi, etc. are scoring high on IGI, while districts falling in South Punjab such as Rajanpur, Dera Ghazi Khan, and Muzaffargarh, etc. are lagging. The result of the study highlights the areas and dimensions of social inclusion where the districts are lacking and, consequently, the policymakers and planners need to focus on these.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghulam Mohey-ud-din & Khadija Ikram, 2023. "Is Economic Growth Inclusive in Punjab, Pakistan? A District Level Assessment Using the Composite Index (Article)," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 62(2), pages 199-222.
    • Handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:62:y:2023:i:2:p:199-222
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://file.pide.org.pk/pdfpdr/2023/199-222.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dorosh, Paul A. & Malik, Sohail J., 2006. "Transitions Out of Poverty: Drivers of Real Income Growth for the Poor in Rural Pakistan," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25387, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. World Economic Forum, 2017. "The Inclusive Growth and Development Report 2017," Working Papers id:11638, eSocialSciences.
    3. Timothy Besley & Miguel Coelho & John Van Reenen, 2013. "Investing for Prosperity: Skills, Infrastructure and Innovation," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 224(1), pages 1-13, May.
    4. Suresh Chand Aggarwal, 2021. "Inclusiveness and the Progress of Indian States: Evidence from Inclusive Development Index Between 2011 and 2018," Indian Journal of Human Development, , vol. 15(2), pages 200-228, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Suresh Chand Aggarwal, 2022. "Inequality and Inclusive Development: Evidence from Selected Indian States," Indian Journal of Human Development, , vol. 16(1), pages 55-76, April.
    2. Simplice A. Asongu & Hillary C. Ezeaku, 2020. "Aid Grants vs. Technical Cooperation Grants: Implications for Inclusive Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1984-2018," Research Africa Network Working Papers 20/091, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    3. Christoph Dörffel & Sebastian Schuhmann, 2020. "What is Inclusive Development? Introducing the Multidimensional Inclusiveness Index," Jena Economics Research Papers 2020-015, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
    4. Nathan, Max & Rosso, Anna, 2014. "Mapping information economy businesses with big data: findings from the UK," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 60615, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    5. Hector Espinoza & Stefan Speckesser, 2019. "A Comparison of Earnings Related to Higher Level Vocational/Technical and Academic Education," National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) Discussion Papers 502, National Institute of Economic and Social Research.
    6. Oksana Prodius, 2020. "The Inclusive Development Concept As A Modern Paradigm For Intensification Of Implementation Of Innovations," Three Seas Economic Journal, Publishing house "Baltija Publishing", vol. 1(1).
    7. Emmerling, Johannes & Groom, Ben & Wettingfeld, Tanja, 2017. "Discounting and the representative median agent," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 78-81.
    8. Christoph Dörffel & Sebastian Schuhmann, 2022. "What is Inclusive Development? Introducing the Multidimensional Inclusiveness Index," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 162(3), pages 1117-1148, August.
    9. De Loecker, Jan & Obermeier, Tim & Van Reenen, John, 2022. "Firms and inequality," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 117827, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    10. Brian Nolan, 2020. "The Median Versus Inequality-Adjusted GNI as Core Indicator of ‘Ordinary’ Household Living Standards in Rich Countries," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 150(2), pages 569-585, July.
    11. Max Nathan & Henry Overman, 2013. "Agglomeration, clusters, and industrial policy," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 29(2), pages 383-404, SUMMER.
    12. Nathan, Max & Rosso, Anna, 2014. "Mapping information economy businesses with big data: findings from the UK," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 60615, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    13. MANTA, Otilia Elena, 2017. "European Policy On Increasing The Competitiveness Of The Financial Industry, A Key Factor For Job Creation," Journal of Financial and Monetary Economics, Centre of Financial and Monetary Research "Victor Slavescu", vol. 4(1), pages 217-227.
    14. Natanya Meyer & Jacques de Jongh, 2018. "The Importance of Entrepreneurship as a Contributing Factor to Economic Growth and Development: The Case of Selected European Countries," Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, AMH International, vol. 10(4), pages 287-299.
    15. Eduard Alvarez & Mario Holzner & Stefan Jestl & Jordi Marti-Henneberg, 2016. "Introducing Railway Time in the Balkans: Economic effects of railway construction in Southeast Europe and beyond since the early 19th century until present days," wiiw Balkan Observatory Working Papers 121, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    16. Felix Naschold, 2009. "Microeconomic Determinants of Income Inequality in Rural Pakistan," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(5), pages 746-768.
    17. Billington, Stephen D. & Colvin, Christopher L. & Coyle, Christopher, 2025. "Financing Innovation: The Role of Patent Examination," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 767, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
    18. Christina Behrendt & Quynh Anh Nguyen, 2019. "Ensuring universal social protection for the future of work," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 25(2), pages 205-219, May.
    19. Anis Chowdhury & Kwame Sundaram Jomo, 2018. "Inequality and Its Discontents," Development, Palgrave Macmillan;Society for International Deveopment, vol. 61(1), pages 21-29, December.
    20. Cristinel Constantin, 2019. "An Analysis of the Role of SMEs in Economic Development," Risk in Contemporary Economy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, pages 189-195.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pid:journl:v:62:y:2023:i:2:p:199-222. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Khurram Iqbal (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/pideipk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.