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The Effects of Horizontal Merger Operating Efficiencies on Rivals, Customers, and Suppliers

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  • Gennaro Bernile
  • Evgeny Lyandres

Abstract

We study how operating efficiencies in horizontal mergers affect market reactions of merging firms’ rivals, customers, and suppliers. We measure operating efficiency gains using projections disclosed by merging firms’ insiders. Higher efficiency gains are associated with lower announcement returns to merging firms’ rivals (due to increased equilibrium output of merging firms), higher returns to their customers (due to lower equilibrium price of merging firms’ output), and higher returns to their suppliers (due to the merged firm’s higher equilibrium demand for inputs). Our results suggest that the pass-through of efficiency gains along merging firms’ supply chains is as important as the effects of post-merger changes in market power.

Suggested Citation

  • Gennaro Bernile & Evgeny Lyandres, 2019. "The Effects of Horizontal Merger Operating Efficiencies on Rivals, Customers, and Suppliers," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 23(1), pages 117-160.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:revfin:v:23:y:2019:i:1:p:117-160.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rof/rfy017
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Antón, Miguel & Azar, José & Gine, Mireia & Lin, Luca X., 2022. "Beyond the target: M&A decisions and rival ownership," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(1), pages 44-66.
    2. Larkin, Yelena & Lyandres, Evgeny, 2019. "Inefficient mergers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    3. Wagner, Alexander F. & Filipović, Zoran, 2019. "The Intangibles Song in Takeover Announcements: Good Tempo, Hollow Tune," CEPR Discussion Papers 13560, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    4. Ricardo A. Santa & Alejandro Acosta & Silvio Borrero & Annibal Scavarda, 2020. "Corporate, operational, and information systems strategies: Alignment and firm performance," Estudios Gerenciales, Universidad Icesi, vol. 36(157), pages 454-464, December.
    5. Marco Testoni, 2022. "The market value spillovers of technological acquisitions: Evidence from patent‐text analysis," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(5), pages 964-985, May.
    6. Dong, Yizhe & Li, Chang & Li, Haoyu, 2021. "Customer concentration and M&A performance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    7. Otchere, Isaac & Abukari, Kobana, 2020. "Are super stock exchange mergers motivated by efficiency or market power gains?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    8. Alex Edmans, 2023. "The end of ESG," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 52(1), pages 3-17, March.
    9. Ismail, Ahmad & Mavis, Christos P., 2022. "A new method for measuring CEO overconfidence: Evidence from acquisitions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    10. Derrien, François & Frésard, Laurent & Slabik, Victoria & Valta, Philip, 2023. "Industry asset revaluations around public and private acquisitions," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(1), pages 243-269.
    11. Gao, Ning & Peng, Ni & Zhang, Yi, 2021. "Distributive inefficiency in horizontal mergers: Evidence from wealth transfers between merging firms and their customers," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    12. Ronan Powell & Sarah Prendergast & Ruchira Sharma, 2022. "The impact of economic nationalism in Europe on the returns to rivals of cross‐border M&A bids," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(9-10), pages 1784-1829, October.
    13. Mauro Oliveira & Palani‐Rajan Kadapakkam, 2021. "Effects of customer horizontal merger on supplier capital structure decisions," International Review of Finance, International Review of Finance Ltd., vol. 21(4), pages 1464-1491, December.
    14. Alcalde, Nuria & Powell, Ronan, 2022. "Government intervention in European mergers and acquisitions," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    15. Gao, Xin & An, Zhe & Li, Donghui & Xu, Weidong, 2024. "Does media affect the rival response to acquisition targets?," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    16. Hu, Xiaoxue & Li, Dongxu, 2022. "Do horizontal mergers affect rivals’ cash holdings?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 275-298.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Horizontal mergers; Operating efficiencies; Rivals; Customers; Suppliers;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets

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