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Differences in Social and Public Risk Perceptions and Conflicting Impacts on Point/Nonpoint Trading Ratios

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  • Richard D. Horan

Abstract

If stochastic nonpoint pollution loads create socially costly risk, then an economically optimal point/nonpoint trading ratio—the rate point source controls trade for nonpoint controls—is adjusted downward (a risk reward for nonpoint controls), encouraging more nonpoint controls. However, in actual trading programs, ratios are adjusted upward in response to nonpoint uncertainties (a risk premium for nonpoint controls). This contradiction is explained using a public choice model in which regulators focus on encouraging abatement instead of reducing damages. The result is a divergence of public and social risk perceptions, and a trading market that encourages economically suboptimal nonpoint controls. Copyright 2001, Oxford University Press.

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  • Richard D. Horan, 2001. "Differences in Social and Public Risk Perceptions and Conflicting Impacts on Point/Nonpoint Trading Ratios," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 83(4), pages 934-941.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:83:y:2001:i:4:p:934-941
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/0002-9092.00220
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhao, Xiaobing & Fletcher, Jerald J., 2004. "An Optimal Control Approach To Water Quality Trading: Cost-Effective Point/Nonpoint Management In A Watershed Framework," 2004 Annual meeting, August 1-4, Denver, CO 20195, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    2. Smith, Craig M. & Peterson, Jeffrey M. & Leatherman, John C. & Williams, Jeffery R., 2012. "A Simulation of Factors Impeding Water Quality Trading," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 42(2), pages 1-15.
    3. Zhao, Xiaobing & Fletcher, Jerald J., 2005. "Examining Point-Nonpoint Trading Ratios for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation with a Spatial-Temporal Optimization Model," 2005 Annual meeting, July 24-27, Providence, RI 19231, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    4. Shortle, James, 2013. "Economics and Environmental Markets: Lessons from Water-Quality Trading," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 42(1), pages 57-74, April.
    5. Hanson, James C. & McConnell, Kenneth E., 2008. "Simulated Trading for Maryland's Nitrogen Loadings in the Chesapeake Bay," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 37(2), pages 1-16.
    6. Nguyen, N.P. & Shortle, J.S. & Reed, P.M. & Nguyen, T.T., 2013. "Water quality trading with asymmetric information, uncertainty and transaction costs: A stochastic agent-based simulation," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 60-90.
    7. Amy W. Ando & Shibashis Mukherjee, 2012. "Benefits of pollution monitoring technology for greenhouse gas offset markets," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 32(1), pages 122-136.
    8. Karen Fisher-Vanden & Sheila Olmstead, 2013. "Moving Pollution Trading from Air to Water: Potential, Problems, and Prognosis," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 27(1), pages 147-172, Winter.
    9. Horan, Richard D. & Lupi, Frank, 2005. "Economic Incentives for Controlling Trade-Related Biological Invasions in the Great Lakes," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 34(1), pages 75-89, April.
    10. Ami Reznik & Ariel Dinar & Francesc Hernández-Sancho, 2019. "Treated Wastewater Reuse: An Efficient and Sustainable Solution for Water Resource Scarcity," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 74(4), pages 1647-1685, December.
    11. Keiser, David A. & Mullen, Jeffrey D. & Bergstrom, John C. & Smith, Nathan B. & Radcliffe, David E. & Risse, Mark L. & Fowler, Laurie A., 2009. "Examining the Effects of Ecological and Political Boundaries on the Potential for Water Quality Trading: Lessons from a Southeastern Trading Framework," 2009 Annual Meeting, July 26-28, 2009, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 49323, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    12. James Shortle & Richard D. Horan, 2017. "Nutrient Pollution: A Wicked Challenge for Economic Instruments," Water Economics and Policy (WEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 3(02), pages 1-39, April.
    13. Woodward, Richard T., 2001. "The Environmentally Optimal Trading Ratio," 2001 Annual meeting, August 5-8, Chicago, IL 20491, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    14. Horan, Richard D. & Shortle, James S. & Abler, David G. & Ribaudo, Marc, 2001. "The Design And Comparative Economic Performance Of Alternative Second-Best Point/Nonpoint Trading Markets," Staff Paper Series 11595, Michigan State University, Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics.
    15. Sheila M. Olmstead, 2010. "The Economics of Water Quality," Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 4(1), pages 44-62, Winter.
    16. Sergey Rabotyagov & Hongli Feng & Catherine L. Kling, 2006. "Optimal Design of Permit Markets with an Ex Ante Pollution Target," Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) Publications 06-wp430, Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University.
    17. Yusuke Kuwayama & Nicholas Brozović, 2017. "Optimal Management of Environmental Externalities with Time Lags and Uncertainty," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 68(3), pages 473-499, November.
    18. O'Hara, Jeffrey K. & Walsh, Michael J. & Marchetti, Paul K., 2012. "Establishing a Clearinghouse to Reduce Impediments to Water Quality Trading," Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Mid-Continent Regional Science Association, vol. 42(2), pages 1-12.
    19. Horan, Richard & Shortle, James, 2014. "Point-Nonpoint Heresy?! An Endogenous Risk Explanation for Point-Nonpoint Trading Ratios Less than One," 2014 Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2014, Minneapolis, Minnesota 170274, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    20. Spraggon, John M., 2007. "Exogenous Targeting Instruments under Differing Information Conditions," Working Paper Series 7383, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Department of Resource Economics.
    21. Horowitz, John K. & Just, Richard E., 2013. "Economics of additionality for environmental services from agriculture," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 66(1), pages 105-122.
    22. Hanson, James C. & McConnell, Kenneth E., 2007. "Nutrient Trading, the Flush Tax, and Maryland's Nitrogen Emissions to the Chesapeake Bay," Working Papers 7343, University of Maryland, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics.
    23. Ghosh, Gaurav & Shortle, James, 2012. "Managing Pollution Risk through Emissions Trading," FCN Working Papers 1/2012, E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN).
    24. James Shortle & Richard D. Horan, 2013. "Policy Instruments for Water Quality Protection," Annual Review of Resource Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 5(1), pages 111-138, June.

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