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Measuring Intellectual Capital in Schools in the Developing Country of Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Niqab
  • Janet Hanson
  • Arthur Bangert
  • Sathiamoorthy Kannan
  • Sailesh Sharma
  • Abdul Ghaffar
  • Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik

Abstract

This study used a quantitative, empirical, survey-research design and collected self-report data from faculty (n = 408) in secondary-level schools (n = 34) in Pakistan to test the reliability and construct validity of a proposed three-factor model of intellectual capital (IC). Results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed the three-factor model was reliable to quantify the construct of IC in Pakistan secondary-level schools. Factors included social relations, teacher experience and education, and teacher training and skills. Structural capital was tested indirectly. Statistically significant differences existed between school types for the IC mean scores, revealing an influence of structural capital on IC. Gender was included as a control variable in the analyses demonstrating no significant influence on the dependent variable, IC. School administrators and policy makers can use the results of this study to inform decision making and to support self-developing processes in schools in the effort to reduce the divide in educational outcomes between developed and developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Niqab & Janet Hanson & Arthur Bangert & Sathiamoorthy Kannan & Sailesh Sharma & Abdul Ghaffar & Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik, 2020. "Measuring Intellectual Capital in Schools in the Developing Country of Pakistan," International Journal of Learning and Development, Macrothink Institute, vol. 10(1), pages 1-34, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:mth:ijld88:v:10:y:2020:i:1:p:1-34
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ghulam Rasool Memon, 2007. "Education In Pakistan: The Key Issues, Problems And The New Challenges," IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), Ilma University, Faculty of Management Science, vol. 3(1), pages 47-55.
    2. Karl-Heinz Leitner, 2004. "Intellectual capital reporting for universities: conceptual background and application for Austrian universities," Research Evaluation, Oxford University Press, vol. 13(2), pages 129-140, August.
    3. Ghulam Rasool Memon, 2007. "Education In Pakistan: The Key Issues, Problems And The New Challenges," IBT Journal of Business Studies (JBS), Ilma University, Faculty of Management Science, vol. 3(1), pages 3-5.
    4. Doong, Shuh-Chyi & Fung, Hung-Gay & Wu, Jr-Ya, 2011. "Are social, financial, and human capital value enhancing? Evidence from Taiwanese firms," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(3), pages 395-405, June.
    5. repec:agr:journl:v:4(593):y:2014:i:4(593):p:67-80 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Chong Ju Choi & Carla C. J. M. Millar & Caroline Y. L. Wong, 2005. "Knowledge and Measurement," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Knowledge Entanglements, chapter 0, pages 77-96, Palgrave Macmillan.
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    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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