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Bűnök és büntetések - tanulságok a közgazdaságtani irodalomból
[Crimes and punishments: Insights from economic literature]

Author

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  • Isztin, Péter

Abstract

A tanulmány a bűnözés és büntetés közgazdaságtani irodalmát foglalja össze, ezen keresztül mutatva be a különböző büntetőpolitikai lépések várható hatásait. Gary Becker közgazdaságtani alapmodellje - amely abból indul ki, hogy a bűnelkövetők racionális döntéshozók, s az elkövetésről a bűncselekmény hasznai és költségei alapján döntenek - többek között azt jelzi előre, hogy a magasabb piaci bérűek kevesebb bűncselekményt követnek el, illetve a bűnelkövetések száma függ a büntetések mértékétől és valószínűségétől. Az empirikus tanulmányok, amelyek nagyrészt alátámasztják az alapmodell állítását, a következő megállapításokra jutottak: az Egyesült Államokban túl hosszúak a börtönbüntetések, szigorításuk helyett érdemesebb a bűnüldözésre fordítható erőforrásokat más megoldásokra - például a rendőrség létszámának növelésére - költeni. Európában - az amerikaihoz képest jóval enyhébb büntetési tételek miatt - komoly elrettentő hatása lehet a büntetési tételek növelésének is. Érdemes azonban az ígéretes helyettesítő vagy kiegészítő beavatkozásokkal kísérletezni: házi őrizettel, közvetlen pénzbeli ösztönzőkkel, kognitív viselkedésterápiával, az oktatási rendszer fejlesztésével - és ezen belül a hátrányosabb helyzetűek emberi tőkéjébe való beruházással -, pénzbüntetéssel, valamint a bűnözéshez kapcsolódó termékek (például az alkohol) nagyobb mértékű megadóztatásával.* Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: J24, K14, K42.

Suggested Citation

  • Isztin, Péter, 2018. "Bűnök és büntetések - tanulságok a közgazdaságtani irodalomból [Crimes and punishments: Insights from economic literature]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(3), pages 287-302.
    • Handle: RePEc:ksa:szemle:1758
    DOI: 10.18414/KSZ.2018.3.287
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • K14 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Criminal Law
    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

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