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The gender-equal Union? Measuring female (dis)advantage and achievement in European Union Member States using a benefit-of-the-doubt framework

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  • Perrine Dehaspe

    (KU Leuven)

  • Nicky Rogge

    (KU Leuven)

Abstract

This paper examines gender (in)equality in the European Union and the EU countries across six core life domains, ‘Work & Money’, ‘Knowledge’, ‘Power’, ‘Health’, ‘Safety, Security & Trust’, and ‘Life Satisfaction’, for the period 2010–2018. The paper advocates a non-parametric (Benefit-of-the-Doubt) frontier estimation approach for estimating gender inequality across these six domains. The results reveal considerable differences across the domains with larger gender inequalities towards women being observed in the domains ‘Power’ and ‘Work & Money’. However, overall, gender gaps seem to have decreased over the years. By 2018, results indicate a situation of (near) gender equality in four of the six domains in the European Union. At the level of the Member States, results show a geographical pattern with northern countries being more gender-equal and attaining higher achievement scores across the domains, followed by western and then southern countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Perrine Dehaspe & Nicky Rogge, 2023. "The gender-equal Union? Measuring female (dis)advantage and achievement in European Union Member States using a benefit-of-the-doubt framework," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 60(2), pages 129-145, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:jproda:v:60:y:2023:i:2:d:10.1007_s11123-023-00686-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s11123-023-00686-z
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