IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/iwt/jounls/h048816.html

Pakistan’s Water Apportionment Accord of 1991: 25 years and beyond

Author

Listed:
  • Anwar, Arif A.
  • Bhatti, Muhammad Tousif

Abstract

The apportionment of waters of the Indus River System between the provinces of Pakistan is widely hailed as a historic agreement. This agreement (herein referred to as the Accord) was signed into effect in 1991, just over 25 years ago. The Accord lacks a clearly stated objective and hence it is difficult to review the Accord against its objective. This paper presents a detailed thematic review of the Accord and interprets the literature and data sets that have become available over the last 25 years. Although the Accord leaves room for interpretation, which is often biased to a particular perspective, an obvious starting point that has been highlighted in the literature is to improve water accounting in the Indus basin and to clarify and document the Operating Rules. Over the next 25 years, demographic change, socioeconomic change, and climate change in the Indus Basin will place this Accord under increased scrutiny.

Suggested Citation

  • Anwar, Arif A. & Bhatti, Muhammad Tousif, 2018. "Pakistan’s Water Apportionment Accord of 1991: 25 years and beyond," Papers published in Journals (Open Access), International Water Management Institute, pages 144(1):1-14.
    • Handle: RePEc:iwt:jounls:h048816
    DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000831
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/%28ASCE%29WR.1943-5452.0000831
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000831?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yi-Chen Yang & Winston Yu & Andre Savitsky & Donald Alford & Casey Brown & James Wescoat & Dario Debowicz & Sherman Robinson, 2013. "Indus Basin of Pakistan : Impacts of Climate Risks on Water and Agriculture," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 13834, April.
    2. Ministry of Finance, Government of India,, 2016. "Economic Survey 2015-16," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199469284.
    3. Yi-Chen E. Yang & Casey M. Brown & Winston H. Yu & Andre Savitsky, 2013. "An introduction to the IBMR, a hydro-economic model for climate change impact assessment in Pakistan's Indus River basin," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(5), pages 632-650, September.
    4. Claudia Ringler & Arif Anwar, 2013. "Water for food security: challenges for Pakistan," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(5), pages 505-514, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Drew, Mark & Crase, Lin, 2023. "‘More Crop per Drop’ and water use efficiency in the National Water Policy of Pakistan," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    2. Ahmad, Mobin-ud-Din & Peña-Arancibia, Jorge L. & Stewart, Joel P. & Kirby, John M., 2021. "Water balance trends in irrigated canal commands and its implications for sustainable water management in Pakistan: Evidence from 1981 to 2012," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Nazam Maqbool, 2022. "Water Crisis in Pakistan: Manifestation, Causes and the Way Forward," PIDE Knowledge Brief 2022:60, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    2. Robyn Johnston & Vladimir Smakhtin, 2014. "Hydrological Modeling of Large river Basins: How Much is Enough?," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 28(10), pages 2695-2730, August.
    3. Chandra Sekhara Rao Nuthalapati & Yogesh Bhatt & Susanto K Beero, 2020. "Is the Electronic Market the Way Forward to Overcome Market Failures?," IEG Working Papers 387, Institute of Economic Growth.
    4. Supaporn Poungchompu & Supawadee Chantanop, 2016. "Economic Aspects of Rice Combine Harvesting Service for Farmer in Northeast Thailand," Asian Social Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(8), pages 201-201, August.
    5. World Bank, 2014. "Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment," World Bank Publications - Reports 24092, The World Bank Group.
    6. Syed Asif Ali Naqvi & Abdul Majeed Nadeem & Muhammad Amjed Iqbal & Sadia Ali & Asia Naseem, 2019. "Assessing the Vulnerabilities of Current and Future Production Systems in Punjab, Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-13, September.
    7. Ik Muo & Adebayo Azeez, A., 2019. "Green Entrepreneurship: Literature Review And Agenda For Future Research," International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, Center for International Scientific Research of VSO and VSPP, vol. 7(2), pages 17-29, December.
    8. Esha Dilip Zaveri, 2025. "Fixing Nitrogen : Agricultural Productivity, Environmental Fragility, and the Role of Subsidies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11050, The World Bank.
    9. Mr. David Coady & Delphine Prady, 2018. "Universal Basic Income in Developing Countries: Issues, Options, and Illustration for India," IMF Working Papers 2018/174, International Monetary Fund.
    10. Muhammad Ahsan Rana & Muhammad Nadeem Malik, 2021. "Friendly Fire: Wheat Subsidy in Punjab, Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 60(2), pages 153-174.
    11. Shah, Hassnain & Siderius, Christian & Hellegers, Petra, 2021. "Limitations to adjusting growing periods in different agroecological zones of Pakistan," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    12. Paul J.J. Welfens & Tian Xiong, 2018. "The Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Regional Innovation Capacity in China," EIIW Discussion paper disbei247, Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, University Library.
    13. Mauro Vigani & Hasan Dudu & Gloria Solano-Hermosilla, 2019. "Estimation of food demand parameters in Ethiopia: A Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) approach," JRC Research Reports JRC117125, Joint Research Centre.
    14. Coady, David & Prady, Delphine, 2019. "Universal income in developing countries: Issues, options, and illustration for India," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    15. Faiz Ur Rehman & Muhammad Nasir, 2018. "In the Same Boat, but not Equals: The Heterogeneous Effects of Indirect Taxation on Child Health in Punjab-Pakistan," PIDE-Working Papers 2018:158, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.
    16. Venkataramanan, R. & Kumar, Abhishek & Mantena, Sreekar & Subramanian, S.V., 2021. "Geographical variation in mobile phone ownership and SMS literacy among women (age 15–49) in India: A cross-sectional analysis based on National Family Health Survey-4," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    17. Gulraiz Akhter & Yonggang Ge & Naveed Iqbal & Yanjun Shang & Muhammad Hasan, 2021. "Appraisal of Remote Sensing Technology for Groundwater Resource Management Perspective in Indus Basin," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-12, August.
    18. Sagar S Tanna & Nirav Mandavia, 2024. "Mapping the evolution of campus startup ecosystem: a 25-year bibliometric review (1998–2023)," Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Springer;UNESCO Chair in Entrepreneurship, vol. 14(1), pages 1-34, December.
    19. Francisco J. Fernández & Roberto D. Ponce & Maria Blanco & Diego Rivera & Felipe Vásquez, 2016. "Water Variability and the Economic Impacts on Small-Scale Farmers. A Farm Risk-Based Integrated Modelling Approach," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 30(4), pages 1357-1373, March.
    20. Anup Sharma & Amrit Devkota, 2021. "STATUS AND BARRIERS OF COMMUNITY FOREST ENTERPRISES IN MID-HILLS: A CASE STUDY FROM THREE CFEs OF KASKI, PARBAT AND TANAHUN DISTRICTS," Big Data In Agriculture (BDA), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 3(2), pages 85-93, July.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:iwt:jounls:h048816. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Chandima Gunadasa (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/iwmiclk.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.