Understanding Gender Dynamics on the Intentions of Small-Scale Traders to Trade in Edible Insects in Kenya

Grounded in their status as a delicacy in East Africa, the trade of edible insects is increasingly acknowledged as a viable solution to food security and sustainable livelihoods. However, gender differences in trading intentions remain underexplored, particularly in informal and emerging markets. Existing research emphasizes economic and structural barriers but often overlooks the psychological and social determinants. This study addresses this gap by examining gender-specific factors influencing the intention to engage in edible insect trade, integrating demographic, socio-economic, and psychological perspectives. Using structural equation modeling (SEM), multiple regression, and an ordered probit model, we analyzed survey data from 550 traders across key food markets in Kenya, the analysis distinguished how gender moderates the effects of participation intentions. Results revealed that psychological determinants exerted a more significant influence than socio-economic variables on trading intentions. For females, perceived behavioral control (β = 0.775, p < 0.001) and descriptive norms (β = 0.536, p < 0.001) were the strongest predictors, underscoring the importance of self-efficacy and social influence. Conversely, for male traders, attitude (β = 0.331, p < 0.001) and descriptive norms (β = 0.580, p < 0.001) emerged as dominant factors, suggesting a more individualistic decision-making process. These findings highlight the necessity to enhance women’s self-efficacy through training, financing, and market access while leveraging attitudinal and social reinforcement strategies to encourage male participation. The study contributes to the behavioral economics literature on emerging markets and offers practical insights for policymakers, development agencies, and entrepreneurs seeking to promote sustainable insect-based trade.