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The Principle of Integration in International Sustainable Development Law (ISDL) with Reference to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)

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  • Marina Abdul Majid

    (School of History, Politics, and Strategic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, National University of Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
    Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (UM), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

  • Nor Anita Abdullah

    (School of Law, College of Law, Government and International Studies (COLGIS), University Utara Malaysia (UUM), 06010 Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
    These authors equally contributed to this work.)

  • Siti Nurani Mohd Noor

    (Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (UM), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    These authors equally contributed to this work.)

  • Chan Kok Gan

    (Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya (UM), 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    These authors equally contributed to this work.)

Abstract

The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) does not explicitly refer to sustainable development despite the fact that other United Nations (UN) disarmament documents prescribe that international environmental law principles and sustainable development be considered among arms control agreements. This study’s objective is to utilize the principle of integration’s three components of environmental, economic, and social development, as found in the International Sustainable Development Law (ISDL) from the New Delhi Declaration (Delhi Declaration) of Principles of International Law Relating to Sustainable Development, in order to evaluate whether the BWC contains such components; thereby, making it possible for the BWC to contribute to sustainable development. The methodology of this study is necessarily qualitative, given that it is a socio-legal research that relies on international agreements such as the BWC, declarations, resolutions, plans of implementation, other non-binding documents of the UN, and secondary resources—all of which are analyzed through a document analysis. The results show that the BWC addresses the environment (Article II), prohibits transfers relating to export controls, international trade, and economic development (Article III), while at the same time, covering social development concerns, health, and diseases that make up the international social law (Article X). Since the BWC is found to be capable of contributing to sustainable development, it is concluded that ISDL cannot be restricted to international environmental, economic, and social law, but should be expanded to include international arms control law.

Suggested Citation

  • Marina Abdul Majid & Nor Anita Abdullah & Siti Nurani Mohd Noor & Chan Kok Gan, 2016. "The Principle of Integration in International Sustainable Development Law (ISDL) with Reference to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-16, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:2:p:166-:d:63727
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Commission on Environment and Development,, 1987. "Our Common Future," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780192820808.
    2. Maja Goepel, 2010. "Formulating Future Just Policies: Applying the Delhi Sustainable Development Law Principles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 2(6), pages 1-25, June.
    3. Segger, Marie-Claire Cordonier & Khalfan, Ashfaq, 2004. "Sustainable Development Law: Principles, Practices, and Prospects," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199276714.
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