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A Three-Dimensional Sustainability Evaluation of Jatropha Plantations in Yucatan, Mexico

Author

Listed:
  • Julio C. Sacramento Rivero

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periferico Norte km 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo Inn, Merida, Yucatan 97203, Mexico)

  • Amarella Eastmond-Spencer

    (Social Sciences Unit, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61 x 66 No. 525, Centro, Merida, Yucatan 97000, Mexico)

  • Javier Becerril García

    (Faculty of Economics, Km. 1 Carretera Mérida-Tizimín, Cholul, Merida, Yucatan 97305, Mexico)

  • Freddy S. Navarro-Pineda

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periferico Norte km 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo Inn, Merida, Yucatan 97203, Mexico)

Abstract

This paper presents a unique sustainability analysis of one of the first attempts to establish a biodiesel industry in Mexico. From 2008, several companies established medium to large-sized Jatropha curcas plantations in Yucatan, hiring local peasants to carry out the agricultural work. After five years, the plantations were abandoned due to poor seed yields and a lack of key knowledge for large-scale cultivation. Based on a multidisciplinary approach, we performed a three-dimensional sustainability evaluation of the potential biodiesel production chain, which included household interviews, a socioeconomic survey, and a life-cycle assessment (LCA). We identified both negative and positive effects in the three dimensions analyzed. Socially and culturally, the local peasant families understood sustainability as their ability to preserve their traditional lifestyle, and associated environmental services with their sense of identity. They therefore considered the jatropha plantations to be positive for sustainability, since they brought income, even though some perceived damage to the natural resources of the surrounding areas. Economically, peasants’ annual household income increased by approximately $1080 USD due to the increased salaries paid by the jatropha companies. The LCA predicted large savings of greenhouse gas emissions (>50% compared to fossil diesel), but also potential negative impacts in some categories (human/ecological toxicity and eutrophication potentials) associated with the use of mineral fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides applied during the cultivation stage. Biodiesel production would be potentially energetically self-sufficient, in addition to producing a 40% energy surplus. Finally, even though the sustainability indicators suggested a positive overall assessment, the reality was that the jatropha projects failed because they were predicated on unrealistically optimistic projections and poor agronomic knowledge of the plant.

Suggested Citation

  • Julio C. Sacramento Rivero & Amarella Eastmond-Spencer & Javier Becerril García & Freddy S. Navarro-Pineda, 2016. "A Three-Dimensional Sustainability Evaluation of Jatropha Plantations in Yucatan, Mexico," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(12), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:12:p:1316-:d:85100
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Aarcha Zenya & Øystein Nystad, 2018. "Assessing Corporate Sustainability with the Enterprise Sustainability Evaluation Tool (E-SET)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Mario R. Giraldi-Díaz & Lorena De Medina-Salas & Eduardo Castillo-González & Max De la Cruz-Benavides, 2018. "Environmental Impact Associated with the Supply Chain and Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. through Life Cycle Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-18, May.
    3. Guadalupe Pérez & Jorge Islas & Mirna Guevara & Raúl Suárez, 2019. "The Sustainable Cultivation of Mexican Nontoxic Jatropha Curcas to Produce Biodiesel and Food in Marginal Rural Lands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-19, October.

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