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Measuring the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Levels of Pakistani Megacities for TOD Application: A Case Study of Lahore

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  • Ayesha Anwar

    (School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    Key Laboratory of National Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Restoration in Cold Regions, Ministry of Natural Resources, Harbin 150001, China
    Department of Architecture, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan)

  • Hong Leng

    (School of Architecture and Design, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
    Key Laboratory of National Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Restoration in Cold Regions, Ministry of Natural Resources, Harbin 150001, China)

  • Humayun Ashraf

    (Department of Geography, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan)

  • Alina Haider

    (Department of Architecture, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan)

Abstract

The urbanization challenges in the megacities of Pakistan necessitate the implementation of comprehensive sustainable development practices to effectively address contemporary urban issues. Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a globally accepted device in achieving sustainable urban development through transport and land use integration. Evaluating the levels of TOD built in present conditions is essential for productive TOD planning, as it enables the prioritization of development interferences. In this context, we utilized a methodology to evaluate the levels of TOD (TOD-ness) present near transportation nodes through a TOD index. It utilizes ArcGIS and spatial multi-criteria analysis (SMCA) to determine the extent of TOD-supporting qualities around a transit node and identifies areas for potential improvements in transit orientation. The methodology was executed in the megacity of Lahore, situated in Pakistan. A TOD index was computed for areas surrounding the 26 LRT and 27 BRT stations along two existing corridors. The findings suggest that the TOD concept is feasible for Pakistani megacities, and urban decision makers can utilize the TOD index results to facilitate urban- or regional-level planning, funding, and investment policies. Furthermore, these findings offer valuable insights into the transportation obstacles and potential opportunities in similar developing cities in South Asia.

Suggested Citation

  • Ayesha Anwar & Hong Leng & Humayun Ashraf & Alina Haider, 2024. "Measuring the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Levels of Pakistani Megacities for TOD Application: A Case Study of Lahore," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:5:p:2209-:d:1352413
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Singh, Yamini Jain & Fard, Pedram & Zuidgeest, Mark & Brussel, Mark & Maarseveen, Martin van, 2014. "Measuring transit oriented development: a spatial multi criteria assessment approach for the City Region Arnhem and Nijmegen," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 130-143.
    2. Guillen, Marie Danielle & Ishida, Haruo & Okamoto, Naohisa, 2013. "Is the use of informal public transport modes in developing countries habitual? An empirical study in Davao City, Philippines," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 31-42.
    3. Ammar A. Malik, 2013. "Policy Options for Financing Urban Transportation in Resource Constrained Environments: The Case of Lahore, Pakistan," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 52(2), pages 139-155.
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