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Measuring transit oriented development: a spatial multi criteria assessment approach for the City Region Arnhem and Nijmegen

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  • Singh, Yamini Jain
  • Fard, Pedram
  • Zuidgeest, Mark
  • Brussel, Mark
  • Maarseveen, Martin van

Abstract

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a planning approach that can stimulate sustainable development by encouraging better land use and transport integration. Arnhem Nijmegen City Region, a regional planning body, in the Netherlands, aims to promote sustainable development in their region and control the current pattern of increased use of cars vis-à-vis transit for longer commutes. Planning for TOD can help achieve this aim. It is believed that measuring the existing levels of TOD is a prerequisite for TOD planning and that it can be done using a TOD Index proposed in this research. A TOD Index measures multiple spatial indicators and aggregates them under the SMCA framework to arrive at a comprehensive value depicting the existing levels of TOD at a location or an area. Using this TOD Index, TOD levels were measured over the entire City Region covering approx. 1000km2. High levels of TOD imply that the urban development’s characteristics, at that location, are ripe for use of transit and these high levels, as expected, were found in the urban areas of Arnhem and Nijmegen. From the results of TOD Index measurement, using hot-spot analysis, those locations were identified that have high TOD levels but poor transit connectivity. These locations are accordingly recommended for better transit connectivity. As a part of our future work, it is intended to use the TOD Index to elevate TOD levels around existing transit nodes.

Suggested Citation

  • Singh, Yamini Jain & Fard, Pedram & Zuidgeest, Mark & Brussel, Mark & Maarseveen, Martin van, 2014. "Measuring transit oriented development: a spatial multi criteria assessment approach for the City Region Arnhem and Nijmegen," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 130-143.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:35:y:2014:i:c:p:130-143
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.01.014
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    1. Li, Jianling, 2018. "Residential and transit decisions: Insights from focus groups of neighborhoods around transit stations," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-9.
    2. Singh, Yamini Jain & Lukman, Azhari & Flacke, Johannes & Zuidgeest, Mark & Van Maarseveen, M.F.A.M., 2017. "Measuring TOD around transit nodes - Towards TOD policy," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 96-111.
    3. Qiaoling Fang & Tomo Inoue & Dongqi Li & Qiang Liu & Jian Ma, 2023. "Transit-Oriented Development and Sustainable Cities: A Visual Analysis of the Literature Based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-18, May.
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    5. Jiyang Xia & Yue Zhang, 2022. "Where Are Potential Areas for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD)—Exploring the Demands for Built Environment for TOD Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-14, July.
    6. Li, Zekun & Han, Zixuan & Xin, Jing & Luo, Xin & Su, Shiliang & Weng, Min, 2019. "Transit oriented development among metro station areas in Shanghai, China: Variations, typology, optimization and implications for land use planning," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 269-282.
    7. Ying Liang & Wei Song & Xiaofeng Dong, 2021. "Evaluating the Space Use of Large Railway Hub Station Areas in Beijing toward Integrated Station-City Development," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-22, November.
    8. Wei Wu & Prasanna Divigalpitiya, 2022. "Assessment of Accessibility and Activity Intensity to Identify Future Development Priority TODs in Hefei City," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-17, September.
    9. Liu, Xintao & Wu, Jiawei & Huang, Jianwei & Zhang, Junwei & Chen, Bi Yu & Chen, Anthony, 2021. "Spatial-interaction network analysis of built environmental influence on daily public transport demand," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    10. Lyu, Guowei & Bertolini, Luca & Pfeffer, Karin, 2016. "Developing a TOD typology for Beijing metro station areas," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 40-50.
    11. Rao, Fujie & Pafka, Elek, 2021. "Shopping morphologies of urban transit station areas: A comparative study of central city station catchments in Toronto, San Francisco, and Melbourne," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    12. Ibraeva, Anna & Van Wee, Bert & Correia, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida & Pais Antunes, António, 2021. "Longitudinal macro-analysis of car-use changes resulting from a TOD-type project: The case of Metro do Porto (Portugal)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    13. Ibraeva, Anna & Correia, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida & Silva, Cecília & Antunes, António Pais, 2020. "Transit-oriented development: A review of research achievements and challenges," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 110-130.
    14. Yingqun Zhang & Rui Song & Rob van Nes & Shiwei He & Weichuan Yin, 2019. "Identifying Urban Structure Based on Transit-Oriented Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-21, December.
    15. Papa, Enrica & Bertolini, Luca, 2015. "Accessibility and Transit-Oriented Development in European metropolitan areas," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 70-83.
    16. Vale, David S. & Viana, Cláudia M. & Pereira, Mauro, 2018. "The extended node-place model at the local scale: Evaluating the integration of land use and transport for Lisbon's subway network," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 282-293.
    17. Lin, Jen-Jia & Lin, Tzu-Yun & Kadali, Bhadradri Raghuram & Subbarao, Saladi S.V., 2023. "Zone-based TOD evaluation considering interdependences among criteria and zones," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 108-119.
    18. De Vos, Jonas & Van Acker, Veronique & Witlox, Frank, 2014. "The influence of attitudes on Transit-Oriented Development: An explorative analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 326-329.
    19. Silva, Camilla Almeida & Giannotti, Mariana & Almeida, Cláudia Maria de, 2020. "Dynamic modeling to support an integrated analysis among land use change, accessibility and gentrification," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    20. Pezeshknejad, Parsa & Monajem, Saeed & Mozafari, Hamid, 2020. "Evaluating sustainability and land use integration of BRT stations via extended node place model, an application on BRT stations of Tehran," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    21. Liao, Cong & Scheuer, Bronte, 2022. "Evaluating the performance of transit-oriented development in Beijing metro station areas: Integrating morphology and demand into the node-place model," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    22. Eun Hak Lee & Hosuk Shin & Shin-Hyung Cho & Seung-Young Kho & Dong-Kyu Kim, 2019. "Evaluating the Efficiency of Transit-Oriented Development Using Network Slacks-Based Data Envelopment Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-15, September.
    23. Moyano, Amparo & Solís, Eloy & Díaz-Burgos, Elena & Rodrigo, Alejandro & Coronado, José M., 2023. "Typologies of stations’ catchment areas in metropolitan urban peripheries: From car-oriented to sustainable urban strategies," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).

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