Optimal Site Selection for Solar PV Systems in the Colombian Caribbean: Evaluating Weighting Methods in a TOPSIS Framework

This research paper proposes a framework utilizing multicriteria tools for optimal site selection of photovoltaic solar farms. A comparative analysis was conducted using three quantitative methods—CRITIC (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation), PCA (principal component analysis), and entropy—to obtain the weights for the selection process. The evaluation considered environmental, demographic, financial, meteorological, and performance system criteria. TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) was employed to rank the alternatives based on their proximity to the ideal positive solution and distance from the ideal negative solution. The capital cities of the seven departments in the Colombian Caribbean region were selected for the assessment, characterized by high annual solar radiation, to evaluate the suitability of the proposed decision-making framework. The results demonstrated that Barranquilla consistently ranked in the top two across all methods, indicating its strong performance. Cartagena, for instance, fluctuated between first and third place, showing some stability but still influenced by the method used. In contrast, Sincelejo consistently ranked among the lowest positions. A sensitivity analysis with equal weight distribution confirmed the top-performing cities, though it also highlighted that the weight assignment method impacted the final rankings. Choosing the appropriate method for weight calculation depended on factors such as the diversity and interdependence of criteria, the availability of reliable data, and the desired sensitivity of the results. For instance, CRITIC captured inter-criteria correlation, while PCA focused on reducing dimensionality, and entropy emphasized the variability of information.