4IR Applications in the Transport Industry: Systematic Review of the State of the Art with Respect to Data Collection and Processing Mechanisms

Transportation systems through the ages have seen drastic evolutions in terms of transportation methods, speed of transport, infrastructure, technology, connectivity, influence on the environment, and accessibility. The massive transformation seen in the transportation sector has been fueled by the Industrial Revolutions, which have continued expansion and progress into the fourth Industrial Revolution. However, the methodologies of data collection and processing used by the many drivers of this progress differ. In order to achieve a better understanding of the impact of these technologies, in this study, we methodically reviewed the literature on the subject of the data collection and processing mechanisms of 4IR technologies in the context of transport. Gaps in present practices are identified in the study, especially with regard to the integration and scalability of these technologies in transportation networks. In order to fully reap the rewards of 4IR technologies, it is also necessary to apply standardized methods for data gathering and processing. In this report, we offer insights into current obstacles and make recommendations for future research to solve these concerns through a comprehensive evaluation of the literature, with the goal of promoting the development of intelligent and sustainable transportation systems.