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Global Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Supply Chain Resource Metabolism Efficiency and Carbon Emissions Co-Reduction Strategies

Author

Listed:
  • Chenxingyu Duan

    (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Zhen Wang

    (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)

  • Bingzheng Zhou

    (Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810008, China)

  • Xiaolei Yao

    (Faculty of Psychology, Brest Business School, 29200 Brest, France)

Abstract

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used as a primary plastic packaging material in the global socio-economic system. However, research on the metabolic characteristics of the PET industry across different countries, particularly regarding the entire life cycle supply chain of PET, remains insufficient, significantly hindering progress in addressing plastic pollution worldwide. This study employs the Life Cycle Assessment-Material Flow Analysis (LCA-MFA) method to comprehensively analyze the environmental impacts of PET plastics, with a focus on the processes from production to disposal in 12 regions (covering 41 countries) in 2020. By constructing 13 scenarios and analyzing the development trajectory of PET plastics from 2020 to 2030, this study provides scientific evidence and specific strategies for waste reduction and emission reduction measures in the PET industry. Overall, in 2020, the 12 regions (41 countries) consumed 7297.7 kilotons (kt) of virgin PET resin and 1189.4 kt of recycled PET resin; 23% of plastic waste was manufactured into recycled PET materials, 42% went to landfills, and 35% was incinerated. In 2020, the entire PET plastic supply chain emitted approximately 534.6 million tons (Mt) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year, with production emissions accounting for 46.1%, manufacturing stage emissions accounting for 44.7%, and waste treatment stage emissions accounting for 9.2%. Research indicates that under a scenario of controlled demand, resource efficiency improvement and emission reduction are the most effective, potentially reducing carbon emissions by up to 40%.

Suggested Citation

  • Chenxingyu Duan & Zhen Wang & Bingzheng Zhou & Xiaolei Yao, 2024. "Global Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Supply Chain Resource Metabolism Efficiency and Carbon Emissions Co-Reduction Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:10:p:3926-:d:1390340
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Peng Wang & Morten Ryberg & Yi Yang & Kuishuang Feng & Sami Kara & Michael Hauschild & Wei-Qiang Chen, 2021. "Efficiency stagnation in global steel production urges joint supply- and demand-side mitigation efforts," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-11, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pradeep Padhamnath, 2025. "Recent Progress in the Recovery and Recycling of Polymers from End-of-Life Silicon PV Modules," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-34, May.
    2. Paula Blázquez-Sánchez & Jonas Gunkel & Abibe Useini & Alexander Zlobin & Jonathan D. Zakary & Andrea Schöler & Norbert Graefe & Felipe Engelberger & Filipa Cantanhede & Ronny Frank & Ziyue Zhao & Afs, 2026. "Computational engineering of the polyester hydrolase PHL7 for efficient poly(ethylene terephthalate) degradation in biocatalytic recycling processes," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 17(1), pages 1-18, December.

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