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Green Spaces over a Roof or on the Ground, Does It Matter? The Perception of Ecosystem Services and Potential Restorative Effects

Author

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  • Cristina Matos Silva

    (CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1000-042 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Fátima Bernardo

    (Psychology Department, University of Évora, 7000 Évora, Portugal
    CiTUA, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1000-042 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Maria Manso

    (CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1000-042 Lisbon, Portugal
    Department of Civil Engineering, Universidade Lusófona—Centro Universitário de Lisboa, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal)

  • Isabel Loupa Ramos

    (CiTUA, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1000-042 Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract

Cities are becoming more vulnerable to climate change and need appropriate adaptation measures. Previous studies demonstrated that urban green spaces provide multiple ecosystem services, improving the health and well-being of urban residents. Yet different urban green spaces provide different services—provisioning, regulating, cultural, or supporting ones. This work aims first to understand if urban green space users perceive the different supplies of provisioning and regulating services offered by different types of urban green spaces. Second, this work seeks to determine if green roof type conditions, as well as vegetation type and access, affect the users’ perceptions of the cultural ecosystem services. This work presents the results of an image-based online survey performed among 376 Portuguese undergraduate students between March and April 2021. The survey is based on nine alternative urban space designs, varying the roof access type and vegetation types. The results show a general preference for urban green spaces with more vegetation, regardless of the type of roof, and a general preference for green spaces with better accessibility. In addition, users’ preference for no-roof conditions appears to be linked to the abundance of vegetation and quality of urban design and not to awareness of an existing roof structure and its influence on the natural processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina Matos Silva & Fátima Bernardo & Maria Manso & Isabel Loupa Ramos, 2023. "Green Spaces over a Roof or on the Ground, Does It Matter? The Perception of Ecosystem Services and Potential Restorative Effects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:6:p:5334-:d:1099979
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elizabeth W. Holt & Quinn K. Lombard & Noelle Best & Sara Smiley-Smith & John E. Quinn, 2019. "Active and Passive Use of Green Space, Health, and Well-Being amongst University Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Manso, Maria & Teotónio, Inês & Silva, Cristina Matos & Cruz, Carlos Oliveira, 2021. "Green roof and green wall benefits and costs: A review of the quantitative evidence," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    3. Fátima Bernardo & Isabel Loupa-Ramos & Cristina Matos Silva & Maria Manso, 2021. "The Restorative Effect of the Presence of Greenery on the Classroom in Children’s Cognitive Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-16, March.
    4. Miller, Stephanie M. & Montalto, Franco A., 2019. "Stakeholder perceptions of the ecosystem services provided by Green Infrastructure in New York City," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Ruochen Ma & Yuxin Luo & Katsunori Furuya, 2023. "Gender Differences and Optimizing Women’s Experiences: An Exploratory Study of Visual Behavior While Viewing Urban Park Landscapes in Tokyo, Japan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, February.
    6. Evan Elderbrock & Chris Enright & Kathryn A. Lynch & Alexandra R. Rempel, 2020. "A Guide to Public Green Space Planning for Urban Ecosystem Services," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-23, October.
    7. Dickinson, Dawn C. & Hobbs, Richard J., 2017. "Cultural ecosystem services: Characteristics, challenges and lessons for urban green space research," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 179-194.
    8. United Nations UN, 2015. "Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development," Working Papers id:7559, eSocialSciences.
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