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Intensification of Rice-Fallow Agroecosystem of South Asia with Oilseeds and Pulses: Impacts on System Productivity, Soil Carbon Dynamics and Energetics

Author

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  • Sushanta Kumar Naik

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Plandu, Ranchi 834 010, Jharkhand, India)

  • Santosh Sambhaji Mali

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Plandu, Ranchi 834 010, Jharkhand, India)

  • Bal Krishna Jha

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Plandu, Ranchi 834 010, Jharkhand, India)

  • Rakesh Kumar

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna 800 014, Bihar, India)

  • Surajit Mondal

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna 800 014, Bihar, India)

  • Janki Sharan Mishra

    (ICAR Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur 482 004, Madhya Pradesh, India)

  • Arun Kumar Singh

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Plandu, Ranchi 834 010, Jharkhand, India)

  • Ashis Kumar Biswas

    (ICAR Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Bhopal 462 038, Madhya Pradesh, India)

  • Arbind Kumar Choudhary

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna 800 014, Bihar, India)

  • Jaipal Singh Choudhary

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Plandu, Ranchi 834 010, Jharkhand, India)

  • Hansraj Hans

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna 800 014, Bihar, India)

  • Anup Das

    (ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Lembucherra 799 210, Tripura, India)

  • Subhash Babu

    (ICAR Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 002, India)

  • Jayanta Layek

    (ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam 793 103, Meghalaya, India)

  • Ashutosh Upadhyaya

    (ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna 800 014, Bihar, India)

  • Bhagwati Prasad Bhatt

    (Natural Resource Management Division, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-II, Pusa, New Delhi 110 012, India)

  • Suresh Kumar Chaudhari

    (Natural Resource Management, ICAR Headquarters, New Delhi 110 002, India)

Abstract

Rice-fallow systems in South Asian countries play a pivotal role in increasing agricultural production. However, the productivity of these system is largely challenged by deteriorating soil health and limited residual soil moistures in dry-periods, precluding the possibility of winter and/or spring season crops after rice harvest. This investigation explores the possibilities of including winter and/or spring crops through conservation agriculture (CA)-based management practices and evaluates its effect on soil carbon dynamic, system productivity, energy and carbon budgeting. Field experiments were conducted at a farmer’s field in participatory modes at Chene Village, Jharkhand, India, and had five treatments comprising (1) fallow-land [FL]; (2) transplanted puddle rice (TPR)-fallow (winter)-fallow (summer), a typical cultivation practice of this region [RF]; (3) TPR–conventional-till mustard–conventional-till blackgram [CP]; (4) CA with zero-till transplanted rice (ZTTR)-ZT mustard–ZT blackgram [CA1]; (5) CA with zero-till direct seeded rice (ZTDSR)-ZT mustard–ZT blackgram [CA2]. Results revealed that CA2 comprising full CA practice of growing direct seeded rice, mustard and blackgram under ZT increased total soil organic carbon (TSOC) of 0–0.6 m soil layer by 14.3% and 10.3% over RF and CP, respectively. The C-sequestration rate was higher in CA treatments and varied from 0.55 to 0.64 Mg C ha −1 year −1 . The system rice equivalent yield in CA2 during the initial four years was lower than CP but it was 23.7% higher over CP in fifth year. The CA-based system (CA2) enhanced the water productivity of rice, mustard and blackgram by 7.0%, 23.6% and 14.1% over CP, respectively. The CA2 treatment, having higher system productivity, better C-sequestration potential, lower C-footprint, higher energy and water productivity has very good potential for sustaining soil health and crop yield of rice-fallow systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Sushanta Kumar Naik & Santosh Sambhaji Mali & Bal Krishna Jha & Rakesh Kumar & Surajit Mondal & Janki Sharan Mishra & Arun Kumar Singh & Ashis Kumar Biswas & Arbind Kumar Choudhary & Jaipal Singh Chou, 2023. "Intensification of Rice-Fallow Agroecosystem of South Asia with Oilseeds and Pulses: Impacts on System Productivity, Soil Carbon Dynamics and Energetics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-27, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1054-:d:1027007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Binod Ghimire & Rajan Ghimire & Dawn VanLeeuwen & Abdel Mesbah, 2017. "Cover Crop Residue Amount and Quality Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Kirti Saurabh & Rakesh Kumar & Janki Sharan Mishra & Anil Kumar Singh & Surajit Mondal & Ram Swaroop Meena & Jaipal Singh Choudhary & Ashis Kumar Biswas & Manoj Kumar & Himadri Shekhar Roy & Nongmaith, 2022. "Sustainable Intensification of Rice Fallows with Oilseeds and Pulses: Effects on Soil Aggregation, Organic Carbon Dynamics, and Crop Productivity in Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-19, September.
    3. Choudhary, Mukesh & Rana, K.S. & Bana, R.S. & Ghasal, P.C. & Choudhary, G.L. & Jakhar, Praveen & Verma, R.K., 2017. "Energy budgeting and carbon footprint of pearl millet – mustard cropping system under conventional and conservation agriculture in rainfed semi-arid agro-ecosystem," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1052-1058.
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    Cited by:

    1. Amit Kumar Srivastava & Suranjana Bhaswati Borah & Payel Ghosh Dastidar & Archita Sharma & Debabrat Gogoi & Priyanuz Goswami & Giti Deka & Suryakanta Khandai & Rupam Borgohain & Sudhanshu Singh & Asho, 2023. "Rice-Fallow Targeting for Cropping Intensification through Geospatial Technologies in the Rice Belt of Northeast India," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, July.

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