Species Diversity and Carbon Sequestration Oxygen Release Capacity of Dominant Communities in the Hancang River Basin, China

Plants play an important role in the storage of organic carbon as a carbon reservoir, mainly reflected in the absorption of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen by plants through photosynthesis, which plays an important role in regulating regional carbon balance. This study aimed to explore the pattern of dominant vegetation species diversity in small basin ecosystems, analyze the photosynthetic carbon sequestration characteristics of dominant vegetation and its carbon sink potential, and use the Hancang River Basin as the research area to obtain species abundance data using the sampling method. The community characteristics were analyzed from the aspects of species richness, α diversity index, dominant population spatial pattern, and interspecific correlation. Fifteen typical plants were selected; the photosynthetic carbon sequestration capacity of the plants was measured and quantified, and the correlation of the nitrogen ecological measurement characteristics of the leaves were analyzed. The results showed that all 15 dominant vegetation types were clustered, and the aggregation intensity and interspecific correlation were closely related. Spearman’s analysis showed that the dominant vegetation community structure and diversity in the Hancang River Basin were unstable, and there may be strong interspecies competition and frequent species replacement in the future succession process. The daily trend of the net photosynthetic rate of dominant vegetation tended to be bimodal or nearly bimodal, and the peak generally appeared at 10:00 or 14:00. The leaf area index of the dominant species was greater than 3.0, of which the largest was Platanus acerifolia at 5.31. The smallest was Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. , which was 1.16. The average carbon sequestration per unit leaf area and unit land area of the dominant species was 10.02 g·m −2 ·d −1 and 42.35 g·m −2 ·d −1 , respectively, and the average oxygen release was 7.29 g·m −2 ·d −1 and 30.8 g·m −2 ·d −1 , respectively. The average maintenance breathing volume of the leaves was 2.94 μmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 . Comprehensive analysis of the ecological restoration process of the Hancang River Basin should focus on Platanus acerifolia , Prunus serrulata var. lannesiana , Prunus cerasifera , Ligustrum lucidum , and other highly efficient carbon sequestration plants, to carry out rational planting and to build a multilayer composite configuration of forest shrub and grass models to improve the ecological problems of the basin.