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Evaluation of Physio-Chemical Characteristics of Bio Fertilizer Produced from Organic Solid Waste Using Composting Bins

Author

Listed:
  • Aseel Najeeb Ajaweed

    (Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq
    Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

  • Fikrat M. Hassan

    (Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

  • Nadhem H. Hyder

    (Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq)

Abstract

Background : The possibility of converting the organic fraction of municipal solid waste to mature compost using the composting bin method was studied. Nine distinct treatments were created by combining municipal solid waste (MSW) with animal waste (3:1, 2:1), poultry manure (3:1, 2:1), mixed waste (2:1:1), agricultural waste (dry leaves), biocont (Trichoderm hazarium), and humic acid. Weekly monitoring of temperature, pH, EC, organic matter (OM percent), and the C/N ratio was performed, and macronutrients (N, P, K) were measured. Trace elements, including heavy metals (Cd and Pb), were tested in the first and final weeks of maturity. Results : Temperatures in the first days of composting reached the thermophilic phase in MSW compost with animal and poultry manure between 55–60 °C, pH and EC (mS/cm) increased during the composting period in most composting bin treatments. Overall, organic matter (OM percent) and the C/N ratio decreased (10.27 to 18.9) as result of microbial activity during composting. Organic matter loss percent was less in treatments containing additives (biocont l humic acid) as well agricultural waste treatment. Composting bin treatments with animals and poultry showed higher K and P at the mature stage with an increase in micronutrients. Finally heavy metals were (2.25–4.20) mg/kg and (139–202) mg/kg for Cd and Pb respectively at maturation stage. Conclusion : Therefore, the results suggested that MSW could be composted in the compost bin method with animal and poultry manure. The physio-chemical parameters pH, Ec and C/N were within the acceptable standards. Heavy metals and micronutrients were under the limits of the USA standards. The significance of this study is that the compost bin may be used as a quick check to guarantee that the outputs of long-term public projects fulfill general sustainability requirements, increase ecosystem services, and mitigate the effect of municipal waste disposal on climate change particularly the hot climate regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Aseel Najeeb Ajaweed & Fikrat M. Hassan & Nadhem H. Hyder, 2022. "Evaluation of Physio-Chemical Characteristics of Bio Fertilizer Produced from Organic Solid Waste Using Composting Bins," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-12, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:8:p:4738-:d:794479
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. J Jara-Samaniego & M D Pérez-Murcia & M A Bustamante & C Paredes & A Pérez-Espinosa & I Gavilanes-Terán & M López & F C Marhuenda-Egea & H Brito & R Moral, 2017. "Development of organic fertilizers from food market waste and urban gardening by composting in Ecuador," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(7), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Tabatabaei, Meisam & Soltanian, Salman & Ghanavati, Hossein, 2019. "Biopower and biofertilizer production from organic municipal solid waste: An exergoenvironmental analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 64-76.
    3. Kit Wayne Chew & Shir Reen Chia & Hong-Wei Yen & Saifuddin Nomanbhay & Yeek-Chia Ho & Pau Loke Show, 2019. "Transformation of Biomass Waste into Sustainable Organic Fertilizers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-19, April.
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    1. Hani A. Abu-Qdais & Anna I. Kurbatova, 2022. "Editorial: Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Local Issue with Global Impacts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-3, September.

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