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Evaluating Environmental Quality and Its Driving Force in Northeastern China Using the Remote Sensing Ecological Index

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  • Enjun Gong

    (College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
    Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003, China)

  • Fangxin Shi

    (Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003, China)

  • Zhihui Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450003, China)

  • Qingfeng Hu

    (College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

  • Jing Zhang

    (School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China)

  • Hongxin Hai

    (College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China)

Abstract

As one of the three major black soil regions in the world, northeastern China has an important strategic position there. Since the 20th century, the local environment has undergone great changes under the influence of the natural economy, and it is particularly important to quantitatively assess the degree of change. However, there have been few long-term quantitative studies of environmental spatial-temporal variances in the three northeastern provinces. Therefore, in this study, four typical remote sensing indices of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land surface temperature (LST), normalized differential building–soil index (NDBSI) and wetness (WET) were employed to construct the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) using a principal component analysis (PCA) method based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform in northeastern China. The spatiotemporal variations in the eco-environmental quality were detected using linear slope and M–K test, and the direct and interactive effects of different influencing factors on the RSEI changes during 2000–2020 were explored based on geographic detection. The results show that the interannual variations in the RSEI show a fluctuating upward trend, with an increase percentage of 12.45% in the last two decades, indicating that the ecological quality of northeast China has gradually improved. Furthermore, that the western and eastern Heilongjiang provinces and western Jilin provinces contributed substantially to the improvement of environmental quality, while the environmental quality of Jilin provinces and central Liaoning provinces decreased to varying degrees. Compared with 2000, the area with a fair environmental quality grade had the greatest change, and had decreased by 60.69%. This was followed by the area with an excellent quality grade, which increased by 117%. Land-use type had the greatest impact on environmental changes in northeastern China, but the impact degree gradually decreased, while the impact of socioeconomic factors such as the gross production of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and population density on environmental quality gradually increased. The major reason for the decline of environmental quality in central Jilin and central Liaoning is that urbanization development had occupied a large amount of cropland. This shows that taking into account the virtuous cycle of an ecological environment while promoting urban and rural development may be an important task for northeastern China in the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Enjun Gong & Fangxin Shi & Zhihui Wang & Qingfeng Hu & Jing Zhang & Hongxin Hai, 2022. "Evaluating Environmental Quality and Its Driving Force in Northeastern China Using the Remote Sensing Ecological Index," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-18, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:16304-:d:995429
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hui Li & Haitao Jing & Geding Yan & Huanchao Guo & Wenfei Luan, 2023. "Long-Term Ecological Environment Quality Evaluation and Its Driving Mechanism in Luoyang City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Xun Zhang & Zhaoliang Gao & Yonghong Li & Guanfan Sun & Yunfeng Cen & Yongcai Lou & Yihang Yao & Wenbo Liu, 2023. "Eco-Environment Quality Response to Climate Change and Human Activities on the Loess Plateau, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-23, September.
    3. Weiliang Wang & Xinran Li & Haijing Lv & Yu Tian, 2023. "What Are the Correlations between Human Disturbance, the Spatial Pattern of the Urban Landscape, and Eco-Environmental Quality?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-24, January.

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