Research on Optimization Technology of Cross-Regional Synergistic Deployment of Fire Stations Based on Fire Risk

Regional planning and development of urban agglomerations such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities provide a good opportunity for fire rescue across administrative regions. This study is aimed at investigating the optimization technology of cross-regional synergistic deployment of fire stations. To achieve this aim, with the Yangtze River Delta integrated demonstration zone taken as the research object, urban fire risk was assessed by means of range standardization, iterative equations and expert scoring and weighting on the basis of population density, road density, water source distribution and urban POI data and urban remote sensing images. Besides, different fire response times were set with reference to the classified regional fire risk levels. Furthermore, the status of fire stations was evaluated based on the coverage-maximized model, and the cross-regional synergistic deployment of fire stations was optimized based on the facility point-minimized model. Finally, the deployment was tested using the maximized coverage rate. The following results were obtained: High-risk regions are mainly distributed in areas with dense population and high-rise buildings. The fire station coverage rates of single administrative regions are all lower than 80%; in contrast, 31 more regions are covered under cross-regional synergistic deployment. Based on the facility point minimization model and the maximum coverage model, on the basis of retaining the existing fire stations, when 17 new fire stations are built, 90% of the high-risk fire areas in the study area can be covered within 3 min, and the coverage of medium-risk areas and low-risk areas can be increased to 70%, which can better meet the fire risk prevention and control needs of the Yangtze River Delta integrated demonstration area.