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Effect of PdNiBi Metal Content: Cost Reduction in Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

Author

Listed:
  • Michaela Roschger

    (Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria)

  • Sigrid Wolf

    (Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria)

  • Boštjan Genorio

    (Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Viktor Hacker

    (Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria)

Abstract

In this work, the metal content of Pd 85 Ni 10 Bi 5 /C catalysts for the alkaline ethanol-oxidation reaction was reduced from 40 wt.% (PdNiBi/C (40/60)) to 30 wt.% (PdNiBi/C (30/70)), 20 wt.% (PdNiBi/C (20/80)) and 10 wt.% (PdNiBi/C (10/90)), while increasing performance. The synthesized catalysts were examined using physicochemical measurements and electrochemical measurements. The best performing catalysts were used to fabricate membrane electrode assemblies for carrying out single-cell tests and to determine the influence of the metal/carbon ratio of the electrode. The electrochemical surface area (695 cm 2 mg −1 ) and activity were increased, resulting in high peak-current densities for the ethanol oxidation reaction (3.72 A mg −1 ) by the resulting more accessible metal particles. The electrode produced with the PdNiBi/C (30/70) catalyst reached a maximum power density of 34.8 mW mg −1 at 50 °C. This successfully demonstrated a doubling of the power density compared with the performance of the PdNiBi/C (40/60) electrode, while simultaneously reducing the costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Michaela Roschger & Sigrid Wolf & Boštjan Genorio & Viktor Hacker, 2022. "Effect of PdNiBi Metal Content: Cost Reduction in Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:22:p:15485-:d:979914
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. An, L. & Zhao, T.S. & Li, Y.S., 2015. "Carbon-neutral sustainable energy technology: Direct ethanol fuel cells," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1462-1468.
    2. Maximilian Grandi & Kurt Mayer & Matija Gatalo & Gregor Kapun & Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda & Bernhard Marius & Miran Gaberšček & Viktor Hacker, 2021. "The Influence Catalyst Layer Thickness on Resistance Contributions of PEMFC Determined by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-18, November.
    3. Michaela Roschger & Sigrid Wolf & Kurt Mayer & Matthias Singer & Viktor Hacker, 2022. "Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell: Effect of the Anode Flow Field Design and the Setup Parameters on Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Drew Shindell & Christopher J. Smith, 2019. "Climate and air-quality benefits of a realistic phase-out of fossil fuels," Nature, Nature, vol. 573(7774), pages 408-411, September.
    5. Panwar, N.L. & Kaushik, S.C. & Kothari, Surendra, 2011. "Role of renewable energy sources in environmental protection: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 1513-1524, April.
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