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Conflicts over Land as a Risk for Social-Ecological Resilience: A Transnational Comparative Analysis in the Southwestern Amazon

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  • Rebecca Froese

    (Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
    Peace Academy Rhineland-Palatinate, University of Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany)

  • Claudia Pinzón

    (Institute for Latin American Studies, Free University Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany)

  • Loreto Aceitón

    (Faculty of Engineering, Metropolitan University of Technology, Santiago 8320000, Chile)

  • Tarik Argentim

    (National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil)

  • Marliz Arteaga

    (Faculty of Biological and Natural Sciences, Amazonian University of Pando, Cobija 69932-000, Bolivia
    School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA)

  • Juan Sebastian Navas-Guzmán

    (Faculty of Human Sciences and Economics, National University of Colombia, Medellín 5003, Colombia)

  • Gleiciane Pismel

    (Center for Philosophy and Social Sciences, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco 69917-400, Brazil)

  • Sophia Florence Scherer

    (Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany)

  • Jannis Reutter

    (Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany)

  • Janpeter Schilling

    (Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
    Peace Academy Rhineland-Palatinate, University of Koblenz-Landau, 76829 Landau, Germany)

  • Regine Schönenberg

    (Institute for Latin American Studies, Free University Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

People in the department of Madre de Dios/Peru, the state of Acre/Brazil, and the department of Pando/Bolivia experience similar conflicts over land, land use, and access to resources. At the same time, each conflict reveals distinct characteristics and dynamics, arising from its history, legal regulation, institutional (in-)capacities, and culturally diverse local populations. The aim of this paper is to better understand the main drivers of social-ecological conflicts over land in and around three protected areas in this transboundary region, known as MAP, and to analyze how (environmental) institutions influence these drivers. The paper is based on a literature review and expert interviews; it focuses on conflicts around (1) gold mining in Madre de Dios, (2) extensive cattle ranching in Acre, and (3) access to communal land in Pando. Using theories of conflict research, expanded by a political ecology perspective and insights from stakeholder and expert interviews, we find that the major conflict drivers are (1) land tenure and access to land and natural resources, (2) identity and lifestyle driven transformations, (3) state and market driven agendas, and (4) networked illegal and criminal activities. Through a comparative conflict analysis, we develop four recommendations to strengthen the creation of reflexive institutions that may be able to foster social-ecological resilience in the region: (1) The clarification of responsibilities between governance institutions and their financing; (2) the awareness raising for existing power structures and opening spaces for enhanced local participation; (3) the breaking of corruptive cycles while developing economically, ecologically, and socially sustainable livelihood opportunities; and (4) taking the continuous reproduction of illegal activities into account while clarifying responsibilities, raising awareness, and breaking corruptive cycles. The results of our research therefore not only contribute to a better understanding of conflicts in the MAP region and the wider scientific literature on social-ecological conflicts and governance, but it is also the first paper that identifies entry points and prerequisites for the transformation from reactive to reflexive institutions in Amazonian societies.

Suggested Citation

  • Rebecca Froese & Claudia Pinzón & Loreto Aceitón & Tarik Argentim & Marliz Arteaga & Juan Sebastian Navas-Guzmán & Gleiciane Pismel & Sophia Florence Scherer & Jannis Reutter & Janpeter Schilling & Re, 2022. "Conflicts over Land as a Risk for Social-Ecological Resilience: A Transnational Comparative Analysis in the Southwestern Amazon," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:11:p:6520-:d:824849
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gerardo Hector Damonte, 2018. "Mining Formalization at the Margins of the State: Small‐scale Miners and State Governance in the Peruvian Amazon," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 49(5), pages 1314-1335, September.
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    5. Johan Rockström & Will Steffen & Kevin Noone & Åsa Persson & F. Stuart Chapin & Eric F. Lambin & Timothy M. Lenton & Marten Scheffer & Carl Folke & Hans Joachim Schellnhuber & Björn Nykvist & Cynthia , 2009. "A safe operating space for humanity," Nature, Nature, vol. 461(7263), pages 472-475, September.
    6. Chris A. Boulton & Timothy M. Lenton & Niklas Boers, 2022. "Pronounced loss of Amazon rainforest resilience since the early 2000s," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 12(3), pages 271-278, March.
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    1. Ottone Scammacca & Rasool Mehdizadeh & Yann Gunzburger, 2022. "Territorial Mining Scenarios for Sustainable Land-Planning: A Risk-Based Comparison on the Example of Gold Mining in French Guiana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-25, August.

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