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Equivalent CO 2 Emission and Cost Analysis of Green Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete

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Listed:
  • Sylvia E. Kelechi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria
    Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Purdue University, Northwest, Hammond, IN 46323, USA)

  • Musa Adamu

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria
    Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abubakar Mohammed

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria)

  • Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo

    (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja 900109, Nigeria)

  • Yasser E. Ibrahim

    (Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Hani Alanazi

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Global warming and climate changes are the major environmental challenges globally. With CO 2 emission being one of the main greenhouse gases emitted to the environment, and cement and concrete production amounting to about 10% of the global CO 2 emission, there is a need for the construction industry to utilize an environmentally sustainable material as an alternative to cement. This study analyzed the cost, CO 2 emission and strength properties of green self-compacting concrete (SCC) ternary blend containing fly ash, calcium carbide residue (CCR), and crumb rubber (CR) as a replacement material by volume of cement, cementitious material, and fine aggregate, respectively. Cement was replaced with fly ash at 0% and 40% by volume. CCR was used as a replacement at 5% and 10% by volume of cementitious materials, CR replaced fine aggregate in proportions of 10% and 20% by volume. The result indicated that the mix with 0% fly ash and 20% CR replacement of fine aggregate was the most expensive and had the highest CO 2 emission. However, the mix with 10% CR, 40% fly ash, and 10% CCR had the lowest CO 2 emission and was therefore the greenest SCC mix. The 28-day maximum compressive strength of 45 MPa was achieved in a mix with 0% CR, 0% fly ash, and 10% CCR, while the utmost 28-day splitting tensile strength of 4.1 MPa was achieved with a mix with 10% CR, 0% fly ash, and 5% CCR, and the highest flexural strength at 28 days was 6.7 MPa and was also obtained in a mix with 0% CR, 0% fly ash, and 5% CCR. In conclusion, a green SCC can be produced by substituting 40% cement with fly ash, 10% fine aggregate with CR, and 10% CCR as a replacement by volume of cementitious material, which is highly affordable and has an acceptable strength as recommended for conventional SCC.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvia E. Kelechi & Musa Adamu & Abubakar Mohammed & Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo & Yasser E. Ibrahim & Hani Alanazi, 2021. "Equivalent CO 2 Emission and Cost Analysis of Green Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:137-:d:709695
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kim, Taehyoung & Tae, Sungho & Roh, Seungjun, 2013. "Assessment of the CO2 emission and cost reduction performance of a low-carbon-emission concrete mix design using an optimal mix design system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 729-741.
    2. Sabbie A. Miller & Arpad Horvath & Paulo J. M. Monteiro, 2018. "Impacts of booming concrete production on water resources worldwide," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 69-76, January.
    3. Maria-Chiara Ferrari & Antonio Amelio & Giuseppe Marino Nardelli & Riccardo Costi, 2021. "Assessment on the Application of Facilitated Transport Membranes in Cement Plants for CO 2 Capture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.
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