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Life Cycle Cost Analysis Comparison of Hot Mix Asphalt and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement: A Case Study

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  • Waqas Rafiq

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Malaysia
    Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Ali Musarat

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Altaf

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Malaysia)

  • Madzlan Napiah

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Malaysia)

  • Muslich Hartadi Sutanto

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Malaysia)

  • Wesam Salah Alaloul

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Tronoh 32610, Malaysia)

  • Muhammad Faisal Javed

    (Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22060, Pakistan)

  • Amir Mosavi

    (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
    Institute of Structural Mechanics, Bauhaus Universität-Weimar, 99423 Weimar, Germany
    John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Obuda University, 1034 Budapest, Hungary)

Abstract

In the construction and maintenance of asphalt pavement, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is being widely used as a cheaper alternative to the conventional hot mix asphalt (HMA). HMA incorporated with a high RAP content (e.g., 40%), which is the most commonly used, may have prominent adverse effects on life cycle, performance properties, and related costs. Thus, before utilizing RAP, it is essential to investigate whether it is still economical to use under the local climate by taking into consideration the life cycle performance. Therefore, for this paper, a case study was conducted using 20% RAP, assessed in terms of materials related to cost analysis. The results of the analysis showed that, from the total life cycle costing measurement, a total of 14% cost reduction was reported using RAP as compared to conventional materials. Moreover, the two materials (conventional HMA and RAP) are manufactured in different types of manufacturing plants. Thus, in analyzing the cost difference between the two chosen manufacturing plants for virgin materials and RAP, a total of 57% cost reduction was observed for a RAP manufacturing plant. Besides this, no cost difference was observed in the rest of the phases, such as manpower, materials transportation, and construction activities, as the same procedures and types of machinery are used. Furthermore, assessing the carbon dioxide impact and cost, the transportation and machinery emissions were considered, while the plant’s operation emission was omitted due to the unavailability of the data.

Suggested Citation

  • Waqas Rafiq & Muhammad Ali Musarat & Muhammad Altaf & Madzlan Napiah & Muslich Hartadi Sutanto & Wesam Salah Alaloul & Muhammad Faisal Javed & Amir Mosavi, 2021. "Life Cycle Cost Analysis Comparison of Hot Mix Asphalt and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement: A Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:8:p:4411-:d:536717
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. B. Shane Underwood & Zack Guido & Padmini Gudipudi & Yarden Feinberg, 2017. "Increased costs to US pavement infrastructure from future temperature rise," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 7(10), pages 704-707, October.
    2. Yaning Qiao & Eshan Dave & Tony Parry & Omar Valle & Lingyun Mi & Guodong Ni & Zhenmin Yuan & Yuefeng Zhu, 2019. "Life Cycle Costs Analysis of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) Under Future Climate," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Paul S. Chinowsky & Amy E. Schweikert & Niko Strzepek & Kenneth Strzepek, 2015. "Road Infrastructure and Climate Change in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-19, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Wesam Salah Alaloul & Muhammad Ali Musarat & Muhammad Babar Ali Rabbani & Qaiser Iqbal & Ahsen Maqsoom & Waqas Farooq, 2021. "Construction Sector Contribution to Economic Stability: Malaysian GDP Distribution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-26, April.
    2. Wang, J. & Xiao, F. & Zhao, H., 2021. "Thermoelectric, piezoelectric and photovoltaic harvesting technologies for pavement engineering," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    3. Mari-Isabella Stan & Dragos-Florian Vintila, 2021. "An Investigation of the Structure of Fixed Assets of Construction Companies in the Context of Coastal Area Development," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(1), pages 171-178, August.

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