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Effect of Cover Crop Type and Application Rate on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Availability in Organic Rice Production

Author

Listed:
  • Xiufen Li

    (Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Beaumont, Texas A&M University System, Beaumont, TX 77713, USA)

  • Andrew Tan

    (School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA)

  • Kun Chen

    (Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Yeming Pan

    (Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA)

  • Terry Gentry

    (Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA)

  • Fugen Dou

    (Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center at Beaumont, Texas A&M University System, Beaumont, TX 77713, USA)

Abstract

In drill-seeded, delay-flooded organic rice production, reliable predictions of N supply from cover crop (CC) residues to subsequent rice are still a challenge. An incubation was conducted to determine the effects of CC types (clover, ryegrass, clover and ryegrass mixtures, and fallow), residue application rates (0, 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4%) and incubation time on soil CO 2 evolution and N mineralization and availability. The cumulative CO 2 evolution linearly increased with increasing residue rate. Compared to the control, adding CCs residue significantly increased the cumulative CO 2 emission, which was greatest in soils with clover or mixtures of clover and ryegrass, followed by fallow, and lowest in soils with ryegrass. The modeling results indicated clover had the greatest initial C and N mineralization rates and the shortest half-lives. A temporary decrease in soil mineral N caused by immobilization occurred at the initial incubation stage in all treatments. However, the trend reversed progressively, with the clover treatment requiring the shortest time to meet the crossover point. The results suggested clover was the optimal CC type, 0.6% was the optimal residue rate, and a minimum of 27 days between CC termination and rice planting was required to maximize mineral N supply for organic rice.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiufen Li & Andrew Tan & Kun Chen & Yeming Pan & Terry Gentry & Fugen Dou, 2021. "Effect of Cover Crop Type and Application Rate on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Availability in Organic Rice Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:2866-:d:511953
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Binod Ghimire & Rajan Ghimire & Dawn VanLeeuwen & Abdel Mesbah, 2017. "Cover Crop Residue Amount and Quality Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Schipanski, Meagan E. & Barbercheck, Mary & Douglas, Margaret R. & Finney, Denise M. & Haider, Kristin & Kaye, Jason P. & Kemanian, Armen R. & Mortensen, David A. & Ryan, Matthew R. & Tooker, John & W, 2014. "A framework for evaluating ecosystem services provided by cover crops in agroecosystems," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 12-22.
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    Cited by:

    1. Vagner do Nascimento & Orivaldo Arf & Marlene Cristina Alves & Epitácio José de Souza & Paulo Ricardo Teodoro da Silva & Flávio Hiroshi Kaneko & Arshad Jalal & Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira & Miche, 2022. "Mechanical Chiseling and the Cover Crop Effect on the Common Bean Yield in the Brazilian Cerrado," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Valentina Quintarelli & Emanuele Radicetti & Enrica Allevato & Silvia Rita Stazi & Ghulam Haider & Zainul Abideen & Safia Bibi & Aftab Jamal & Roberto Mancinelli, 2022. "Cover Crops for Sustainable Cropping Systems: A Review," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-21, December.

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