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Quantifying Fenestration Effect on Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms

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  • Ibrahim Reda

    (Architectural and Interior Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gulf University, Sanad P.O. Box 26489, Bahrain
    Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

  • Raouf N. AbdelMessih

    (Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

  • Mohamed Steit

    (Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

  • Ehab M. Mina

    (Mechanical Power Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11865, Egypt)

Abstract

This study seeks to evaluate thermal comfort in naturally ventilated classrooms to draw sustainable solutions that reduce the dramatic energy consumed in mechanically ventilated spaces. Passive ventilation scenarios are generated using alternations of openings on the windward and leeward sides to evaluate their effects on thermal comfort. Twenty-eight experiments were carried in Bahrain during winter inside an exposed classroom, the experiments were grouped into five scenarios namely: “single-inlet single-outlet” SISO, “single-inlet double-outlet” SIDO, “double-inlet single-outlet” DISO, “double-inlet double-outlet” DIDO and “single-side ventilation” SSV. The findings indicate that single-side ventilation did not offer comfort except at high airspeed, while comfort is attained by using cross-ventilation at ambient temperature between 21.8–26.8 °C. The temperature difference between monitored locations and the inlet is inversely proportional to the number of air changes per hour. The DISO scenario accomplishes the lowest temperature difference. Using cross-ventilation instead of single-side ventilation reduces the temperature differences between 0.5–2.5 °C and increases airspeed up to three folds. According to the measured findings, the DISO cross-ventilation scenario is a valid sustainable solution adaptable to climatic variation locally and beyond with zero-energy consumption and zero emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ibrahim Reda & Raouf N. AbdelMessih & Mohamed Steit & Ehab M. Mina, 2021. "Quantifying Fenestration Effect on Thermal Comfort in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-22, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7385-:d:586869
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ahmed, Tariq & Kumar, Prashant & Mottet, Laetitia, 2021. "Natural ventilation in warm climates: The challenges of thermal comfort, heatwave resilience and indoor air quality," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    2. Fusheng Ma & Changhong Zhan & Xiaoyang Xu & Guanghao Li, 2020. "Winter Thermal Comfort and Perceived Air Quality: A Case Study of Primary Schools in Severe Cold Regions in China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    3. Yang, Liu & Yan, Haiyan & Lam, Joseph C., 2014. "Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 164-173.
    4. Zuhairy, Akram A. & Sayigh, A.A.M., 1993. "The development of the bioclimatic concept in building design," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 521-533.
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    1. Ghada Elshafei & Silvia Vilcekova & Martina Zelenakova & Abdelazim M. Negm, 2021. "Towards an Adaptation of Efficient Passive Design for Thermal Comfort Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-23, August.

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