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Optimization of Food Waste and Biochar In-Vessel Co-Composting

Author

Listed:
  • Nour El Houda Chaher

    (Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, 6029 Gabes, Tunisia
    Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia)

  • Mehrez Chakchouk

    (Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Nils Engler

    (Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Abdallah Nassour

    (Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany)

  • Michael Nelles

    (Department of Waste and Resource Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany)

  • Moktar Hamdi

    (Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia)

Abstract

As bulking agents (BA) affect the composting process, this work examined the impact of combinations of different organic components in order to obtain an efficient co-substrate for food waste (FW) in-vessel composting. To boost the occurrence of microorganisms inhabiting the compost, mature compost was firstly coupled with wheat straw, added to FW, and considered as a control (BC 0 ). Then, two trials (BC 10 , BC 20 ) including 10% and 20% of biochar were monitored. The results indicated that the temperature of the amended bioreactors was notably increased compared to the unamended one. Thermophilic temperatures were achieved at 14, 34, and 78 h after the experimental setup for BC 20 , BC 10 , and BC 0 , which lasted for 14, 17, and 12 days, respectively. When it came to an assessment of maturity and stability, the quality of the compost was evaluated against several indicators and compared with the compost quality standards of the UK, France, Canada, the USA, Poland, and Germany. BC 10 illustrated a high-quality product in relation to the heavy metal concentration, a C:N ratio which reached 14.97, an AT4 which was lower than 6 (4.36 mg O 2 /g TS), and a nitrification index of 2.61 (<3). Consequently, the addition of 10% of biochar as a co-substrate showed an improvement of the process evolution and the characteristics of the biofertilizer produced.

Suggested Citation

  • Nour El Houda Chaher & Mehrez Chakchouk & Nils Engler & Abdallah Nassour & Michael Nelles & Moktar Hamdi, 2020. "Optimization of Food Waste and Biochar In-Vessel Co-Composting," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:4:p:1356-:d:319835
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar & Wang, Quan & Chen, Hongyu & Wang, Meijing & Awasthi, Sanjeev Kumar & Ren, Xiuna & Cai, Hanzhen & Li, Ronghua & Zhang, Zengqiang, 2018. "In-vessel co-composting of biosolid: Focusing on mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions and nutrients conservation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PB), pages 814-823.
    2. Yi-Tui Chen, 2016. "A Cost Analysis of Food Waste Composting in Taiwan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(11), pages 1-13, November.
    3. Wu, Di & Li, Lei & Zhao, Xiaofei & Peng, Yun & Yang, Pingjin & Peng, Xuya, 2019. "Anaerobic digestion: A review on process monitoring," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 1-12.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nour El Houda Chaher & Safwat Hemidat & Qahtan Thabit & Mehrez Chakchouk & Abdallah Nassour & Moktar Hamdi & Michael Nelles, 2020. "Potential of Sustainable Concept for Handling Organic Waste in Tunisia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-31, October.
    2. Mugilan Govindaraju & Kathiresan V. Sathasivam & Kasi Marimuthu, 2021. "Waste to Wealth: Value Recovery from Bakery Wastes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Jan Sprafke & Vicky Shettigondahalli Ekanthalu & Michael Nelles, 2020. "Continuous Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Biowaste with Crude Glycerol under Mesophilic Conditions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-14, November.

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