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Power Systems Resilience Metrics: A Comprehensive Review of Challenges and Outlook

Author

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  • Habibollah Raoufi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Abbaspour School of Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran)

  • Vahid Vahidinasab

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Abbaspour School of Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-69411, Iran)

  • Kamyar Mehran

    (School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4FZ, UK)

Abstract

Recently, there has been a focus on natural and man-made disasters with a high-impact low-frequency (HILF) property in electric power systems. A power system must be built with “resilience” or the ability to withstand, adapt and recover from disasters. The resilience metrics (RMs) are tools to measure the resilience level of a power system, normally employed for resilience cost–benefit in planning and operation. While numerous RMs have been presented in the power system literature; there is still a lack of comprehensive framework regarding the different types of the RMs in the electric power system, and existing frameworks have essential shortcomings. In this paper, after an extensive overview of the literature, a conceptual framework is suggested to identify the key variables, factors and ideas of RMs in power systems and define their relationships. The proposed framework is compared with the existing ones, and existing power system RMs are also allocated to the framework’s groups to validate the inclusivity and usefulness of the proposed framework, as a tool for academic and industrial researchers to choose the most appropriate RM in different power system problems and pinpoint the potential need for the future metrics.

Suggested Citation

  • Habibollah Raoufi & Vahid Vahidinasab & Kamyar Mehran, 2020. "Power Systems Resilience Metrics: A Comprehensive Review of Challenges and Outlook," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-24, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:22:p:9698-:d:448419
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    6. Jalilpoor, Kamran & Oshnoei, Arman & Mohammadi-Ivatloo, Behnam & Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad, 2022. "Network hardening and optimal placement of microgrids to improve transmission system resilience: A two-stage linear program," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    7. Mrinal Kanti Sen & Subhrajit Dutta & Golam Kabir, 2021. "Flood Resilience of Housing Infrastructure Modeling and Quantification Using a Bayesian Belief Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-24, January.
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    9. Wenshi Wang & Houqi Dong & Yangfan Luo & Changhao Zhang & Bo Zeng & Fuqiang Xu & Ming Zeng, 2021. "An Interval Optimization-Based Approach for Electric–Heat–Gas Coupled Energy System Planning Considering the Correlation between Uncertainties," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-24, April.
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    12. Xiangpeng Li & Junwei Ma & Bo Li & Ali Mostafavi, 2025. "Quantifying the Social Costs of Power Outages and Restoration Disparities Across Four U.S. Hurricanes," Papers 2509.02653, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2025.
    13. Judy P. Che-Castaldo & Rémi Cousin & Stefani Daryanto & Grace Deng & Mei-Ling E. Feng & Rajesh K. Gupta & Dezhi Hong & Ryan M. McGranaghan & Olukunle O. Owolabi & Tianyi Qu & Wei Ren & Toryn L. J. Sch, 2021. "Critical Risk Indicators (CRIs) for the electric power grid: a survey and discussion of interconnected effects," Environment Systems and Decisions, Springer, vol. 41(4), pages 594-615, December.
    14. Linas Martišauskas & Juozas Augutis & Ričardas Krikštolaitis & Rolandas Urbonas & Inga Šarūnienė & Vytis Kopustinskas, 2022. "A Framework to Assess the Resilience of Energy Systems Based on Quantitative Indicators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-25, May.
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    16. George Atisa & Alexis E. Racelis, 2022. "Analysis of Urbanization and Climate Change Effects on Community Resilience in the Rio Grande Valley, South Texas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-15, July.

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