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Techno-Economic and Partial Environmental Analysis of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCU/S): Case Study from Proposed Waste-Fed District-Heating Incinerator in Sweden

Author

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  • Lena Mikhelkis

    (Stockholm Exergi, Jägmästargatan 2, 115 42 Stockholm, Sweden)

  • Venkatesh Govindarajan

    (Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden)

Abstract

Sweden aspires to become totally carbon dioxide-neutral by 2045. Indisputably, what is needed is not just a reduction in the emissions of CO 2 (greenhouse gases in general) from the technosphere, but also a manipulated diversion of CO 2 from the atmosphere to ‘traps’ in the lithosphere, technosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. The case study in this paper focused on Stockholm Exergi’s proposed waste-to-energy incineration plant in Lövsta, which is keen on incorporating carbon capture and storage (CCS), but is also interested in understanding the potential of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCU/S) in helping it to achieve ‘carbon-dioxide-negativity’. Waste-to-energy incineration plants (in cases where the petro-plastics in the waste mix can be substantially reduced) are a key component of a circular bio-economy, though the circularity here pertains to recovering energy from materials which may or may not be recyclable. CCS (storage in the North Sea) was compared with CCU/S (CO 2 sintered into high-quality building blocks made of recycled slag from the steel sector) from techno-economic and environmental perspectives. The comparative analysis shows, inter alia, that a hybridized approach—a combination of CCS and CCU/S—is worth investing in. CCU/S, at the time of writing, is simply a pilot project in Belgium, a possible creatively-destructive technology which may or may not usurp prominence from CCS. The authors believe that political will and support with incentives, subsidies, and tax rebates are indispensable to motivate investments in such ground-breaking technologies and moving away from the easier route of paying carbon taxes or purchasing emission rights.

Suggested Citation

  • Lena Mikhelkis & Venkatesh Govindarajan, 2020. "Techno-Economic and Partial Environmental Analysis of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCU/S): Case Study from Proposed Waste-Fed District-Heating Inciner," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(15), pages 1-18, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:15:p:5922-:d:388450
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Bruhn, Thomas & Naims, Henriette & Olfe-Kräutlein, Barbara, 2016. "Separating the debate on CO2 utilisation from carbon capture and storage," Environmental Science & Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 38-43.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ali Mohammadi & G. Venkatesh & Maria Sandberg & Samieh Eskandari & Stephen Joseph & Karin Granström, 2020. "A Comprehensive Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of the Use of Hydrochar Pellets in Combined Heat and Power Plants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, October.
    2. Latifah M. Alsarhan & Alhanouf S. Alayyar & Naif B. Alqahtani & Nezar H. Khdary, 2021. "Circular Carbon Economy (CCE): A Way to Invest CO 2 and Protect the Environment, a Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-25, October.
    3. Johannes Full & Steffen Merseburg & Robert Miehe & Alexander Sauer, 2021. "A New Perspective for Climate Change Mitigation—Introducing Carbon-Negative Hydrogen Production from Biomass with Carbon Capture and Storage (HyBECCS)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-22, April.
    4. Jinfeng Wang & Lingfeng Li & Qing Li & Sheng Wang & Xiaoling Liu & Ya Li, 2022. "The Spatiotemporal Evolution and Prediction of Carbon Storage in the Yellow River Basin Based on the Major Function-Oriented Zone Planning," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, June.
    5. G. Venkatesh, 2022. "Circular Bio-economy—Paradigm for the Future: Systematic Review of Scientific Journal Publications from 2015 to 2021," Circular Economy and Sustainability,, Springer.

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