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Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health and Costs: Current Situation in São Paulo, Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • José Carlos Curvelo Santana

    (Department of Production Engineering, University of São Paulo, Prof. Luciano Gualberto Avenue, 1380, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil)

  • Amanda Carvalho Miranda

    (Industrial Engineering Post Graduation Program, Nine July University, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil)

  • Charles Lincoln Kenji Yamamura

    (Department of Production Engineering, University of São Paulo, Prof. Luciano Gualberto Avenue, 1380, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil)

  • Silvério Catureba da Silva Filho

    (Industrial Engineering Post Graduation Program, Nine July University, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
    School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil)

  • Elias Basile Tambourgi

    (School of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil)

  • Linda Lee Ho

    (Department of Production Engineering, University of São Paulo, Prof. Luciano Gualberto Avenue, 1380, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil)

  • Fernando Tobal Berssaneti

    (Department of Production Engineering, University of São Paulo, Prof. Luciano Gualberto Avenue, 1380, Butantã, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil)

Abstract

This study focused on verifying whether the emission of air pollutants in São Paulo increases the costs and number of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in Brazil. Data on pollutant emissions, hospitalizations, and hospital costs were collected from 2008 to 2017 and correlated with air quality standards. The results showed that the concentration of particulate matter increased each year during the study period and was highly correlated with hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. Ozone (O 3 ) was within the quality standard throughout the study period but registered an increase in the mean and a positive correlation with hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. The carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) levels were within the quality standards throughout the study period with a decrease in the last years studied, but showed a positive correlation with hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. The pollutant emissions and hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases had an inverse relationship with the monthly rainfall curve for São Paulo, which indicates that rainfall tended to reduce pollutant emissions and consequently hospitalizations due to inhalation of these pollutants. Because costs are directly associated with hospitalizations, both increased during the study period—302,000 hospitalizations at an average cost of 368 USD resulted in a total cost of 111 million USD. To reduce these costs, Brazil should implement stricter policies to improve the air quality of its major cities and develop a viable alternative to diesel vehicles.

Suggested Citation

  • José Carlos Curvelo Santana & Amanda Carvalho Miranda & Charles Lincoln Kenji Yamamura & Silvério Catureba da Silva Filho & Elias Basile Tambourgi & Linda Lee Ho & Fernando Tobal Berssaneti, 2020. "Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health and Costs: Current Situation in São Paulo, Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-20, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:12:p:4875-:d:371740
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Peiqi Hu & Kai Zhou & Haoxi Zhang & Zhong Ma & Jingyuan Li, 2023. "The Cause and Correlation Network of Air Pollution from a Spatial Perspective: Evidence from the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-21, February.
    2. Luciana Leirião & Michelle de Oliveira & Tiago Martins & Simone Miraglia, 2023. "A Multi-Pollutant and Meteorological Analysis of Cardiorespiratory Mortality among the Elderly in São Paulo, Brazil—An Artificial Neural Networks Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-23, April.
    3. Marta Szyba & Jerzy Mikulik, 2023. "Analysis of Feasibility of Producing and Using Biogas in Large Cities, Based on the Example of Krakow and Its Surrounding Municipalities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-20, November.
    4. Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec & Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska & Grzegorz Majewski, 2022. "Particulate Matter Concentration in Selected Facilities as an Indicator of Exposure to Their Service Activities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-18, August.
    5. José Carlos Curvelo Santana & Pedro Gerber Machado & Cláudio Augusto Oller do Nascimento & Celma de Oliveira Ribeiro, 2023. "Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrogen Production from Brazilian Energy Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-21, April.
    6. Nan Jia & Yinshuai Li & Ruishan Chen & Hongbo Yang, 2023. "A Review of Global PM 2.5 Exposure Research Trends from 1992 to 2022," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-15, July.
    7. Grazia Ghermandi & Sara Fabbi & Giorgio Veratti & Alessandro Bigi & Sergio Teggi, 2020. "Estimate of Secondary NO 2 Levels at Two Urban Traffic Sites Using Observations and Modelling," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(19), pages 1-13, September.
    8. José Carlos Curvelo Santana & Amanda Carvalho Miranda & Luane Souza & Charles Lincoln Kenji Yamamura & Diego de Freitas Coelho & Elias Basile Tambourgi & Fernando Tobal Berssaneti & Linda Lee Ho, 2021. "Clean Production of Biofuel from Waste Cooking Oil to Reduce Emissions, Fuel Cost, and Respiratory Disease Hospitalizations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-25, August.

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