IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v11y2019i23p6782-d292295.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Influence of Solar Reflectance and Renewable Energies on Residential Heating and Cooling Demand in Sustainable Architecture: A Case Study in Different Climate Zones in Spain Considering Their Urban Contexts

Author

Listed:
  • Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin

    (Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain)

  • José-Manuel del-Río

    (Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain)

  • Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano

    (Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, 28668 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

In this research work, energy simulation was used as a forecasting tool in architectural design. It includes the study of a multi-family residential building in five different climate zones of Spain, i.e., A4 (very hot climate zones), B4 (hot climate zones), C4 (moderate climate zones), D3 (cold climate zones), and E1 (very cold climate zones). The authors accomplished a sensitivity analysis in order to identify the influence of passive strategies (i.e., with regard to solar reflectance) and renewable energy (i.e., with regard to aerothermal energy) on indoor temperatures and energy demands. The increment in indoor temperatures depends on the neighboring buildings so that effect of urban contexts as a source of protection against sunlight is also considered. The increment in the albedo (i.e., the solar reflectance) of the façade during the winter period produces little differences in indoor operative temperatures. On the contrary, during the summer period, it produces large temperature differences. Therefore, it is shown that colors significantly reduce temperatures from 1.24 to 3.04 °C, which means considerable annual energy savings. This research demonstrates that solar reflectance can reduce the air indoor operative temperature down to 4.16 °C during the month of May in the coldest climate zones. As a result of the simulations, it is noted that the coldest climate zones are influenced to a greater extent by the inclusion of their urban contexts in the simulations. However, the heating demand, without considering it, becomes lower. Therefore, ignoring the urban context produces important errors in the heating analysis (12.2% in the coldest climate zones) and also in the cooling analysis (39% in the hottest climate zones). Finally, the use of renewable energy in the configuration of a model with a high urban canyon (Hc), as well as with an east–west building orientation and a low albedo produces a difference of around 76% in the cooling costs within the hottest climate zones and around 73% in the heating costs within the coldest climate zones. The results of this study can be applied as a guideline in early architectural design.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin & José-Manuel del-Río & Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, 2019. "Influence of Solar Reflectance and Renewable Energies on Residential Heating and Cooling Demand in Sustainable Architecture: A Case Study in Different Climate Zones in Spain Considering Their Urban Co," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-31, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:23:p:6782-:d:292295
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/23/6782/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/23/6782/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Zinzi, Michele & Carnielo, Emiliano & Mattoni, Benedetta, 2018. "On the relation between urban climate and energy performance of buildings. A three-years experience in Rome, Italy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 148-160.
    2. Francesco Nocera & Alessandro Lo Faro & Vincenzo Costanzo & Chiara Raciti, 2018. "Daylight Performance of Classrooms in a Mediterranean School Heritage Building," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-15, October.
    3. Martinez-Rubio, A. & Sanz-Adan, F. & Santamaria, J., 2015. "Optimal design of photovoltaic energy collectors with mutual shading for pre-existing building roofs," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 666-678.
    4. Fichera, Alberto & Frasca, Mattia & Palermo, Valentina & Volpe, Rosaria, 2018. "An optimization tool for the assessment of urban energy scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 418-429.
    5. Ascione, Fabrizio & De Masi, Rosa Francesca & de Rossi, Filippo & Ruggiero, Silvia & Vanoli, Giuseppe Peter, 2016. "Optimization of building envelope design for nZEBs in Mediterranean climate: Performance analysis of residential case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 938-957.
    6. Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin & José Manuel del Río & Vincenzo Costanzo & Francesco Nocera & Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, 2019. "Passive Design Strategies for Residential Buildings in Different Spanish Climate Zones," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-22, September.
    7. Salvatore Giuffrida & Filippo Gagliano & Francesco Nocera & Maria Rosa Trovato, 2018. "Landscape Assessment and Economic Accounting in Wind Farm Programming: Two Cases in Sicily," Land, MDPI, vol. 7(4), pages 1-20, October.
    8. Federica Rosso & Anna Laura Pisello & Veronica Lucia Castaldo & Marco Ferrero & Franco Cotana, 2017. "On Innovative Cool-Colored Materials for Building Envelopes: Balancing the Architectural Appearance and the Thermal-Energy Performance in Historical Districts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-13, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yanxia Li & Chao Wang & Sijie Zhu & Junyan Yang & Shen Wei & Xinkai Zhang & Xing Shi, 2020. "A Comparison of Various Bottom-Up Urban Energy Simulation Methods Using a Case Study in Hangzhou, China," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-23, September.
    2. Miguel Ángel Sanjuán & Ángel Morales & Aniceto Zaragoza, 2021. "Effect of Precast Concrete Pavement Albedo on the Climate Change Mitigation in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-13, October.
    3. Belen Moreno Santamaria & Fernando del Ama Gonzalo & Danielle Pinette & Benito Lauret Aguirregabiria & Juan A. Hernandez Ramos, 2020. "Industrialization and Thermal Performance of a New Unitized Water Flow Glazing Facade," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-22, September.
    4. Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin & José-Manuel del-Río & Fernando del Ama Gonzalo & Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, 2020. "The Relationship between the Use of Building Performance Simulation Tools by Recent Graduate Architects and the Deficiencies in Architectural Education," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, March.
    5. Michele Roccotelli & Alessandro Rinaldi & Maria Pia Fanti & Francesco Iannone, 2020. "Building Energy Management for Passive Cooling Based on Stochastic Occupants Behavior Evaluation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-24, December.
    6. Ikram Merini & Angel Molina-García & M. Socorro García-Cascales & Mustapha Mahdaoui & Mohamed Ahachad, 2020. "Analysis and Comparison of Energy Efficiency Code Requirements for Buildings: A Morocco–Spain Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
    7. Hye-Ryeong Nam & Seo-Hoon Kim & Seol-Yee Han & Sung-Jin Lee & Won-Hwa Hong & Jong-Hun Kim, 2020. "Statistical Methodology for the Definition of Standard Model for Energy Analysis of Residential Buildings in Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Maria Rosa Trovato & Francesco Nocera & Salvatore Giuffrida, 2020. "Life-Cycle Assessment and Monetary Measurements for the Carbon Footprint Reduction of Public Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-25, April.
    2. Giada Giuffrida & Maurizio Detommaso & Francesco Nocera & Rosa Caponetto, 2021. "Design Optimisation Strategies for Solid Rammed Earth Walls in Mediterranean Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-23, January.
    3. Fabio Fantozzi & Hassan Hamdi & Michele Rocca & Stefano Vegnuti, 2019. "Use of Automated Control Systems and Advanced Energy Simulations in the Design of Climate Responsive Educational Building for Mediterranean Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-22, March.
    4. Maria-Mar Fernandez-Antolin & José Manuel del Río & Vincenzo Costanzo & Francesco Nocera & Roberto-Alonso Gonzalez-Lezcano, 2019. "Passive Design Strategies for Residential Buildings in Different Spanish Climate Zones," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-22, September.
    5. Grazia Lombardo, 2021. "The Seismic Coat: A Sustainable and Integrated Approach to the Retrofit of Existing Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, June.
    6. Alessandro Lo Faro & Alessia Miceli, 2021. "New Life for Disused Religious Heritage: A Sustainable Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, July.
    7. Francesco Nocera & Rosa Caponetto & Giada Giuffrida & Maurizio Detommaso, 2020. "Energetic Retrofit Strategies for Traditional Sicilian Wine Cellars: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-17, June.
    8. Stefania De Medici, 2021. "Italian Architectural Heritage and Photovoltaic Systems. Matching Style with Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, February.
    9. Xiang Liu & Wanjiang Wang & Zixuan Wang & Junkang Song & Ke Li, 2023. "Simulation Study on Outdoor Wind Environment of Residential Complexes in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter Climate Zones Based on Entropy-Based TOPSIS Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-28, August.
    10. Mao, Ning & Pan, Dongmei & Li, Zhao & Xu, Yingjie & Song, Mengjie & Deng, Shiming, 2017. "A numerical study on influences of building envelope heat gain on operating performances of a bed-based task/ambient air conditioning (TAC) system in energy saving and thermal comfort," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 213-221.
    11. Fernandes, Marco S. & Rodrigues, Eugénio & Gaspar, Adélio Rodrigues & Costa, José J. & Gomes, Álvaro, 2019. "The impact of thermal transmittance variation on building design in the Mediterranean region," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 581-597.
    12. Ana Mafalda Matos & João M. P. Q. Delgado & Ana Sofia Guimarães, 2022. "Energy-Efficiency Passive Strategies for Mediterranean Climate: An Overview," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-20, April.
    13. D'Amico, A. & Ciulla, G. & Panno, D. & Ferrari, S., 2019. "Building energy demand assessment through heating degree days: The importance of a climatic dataset," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1285-1306.
    14. Belén Onecha & Alicia Dotor, 2021. "Simulation Method to Assess Thermal Comfort in Historical Buildings with High-Volume Interior Spaces—The Case of the Gothic Basilica of Sta. Maria del Mar in Barcelona," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-20, March.
    15. Hai Lan & Jinfeng Dai & Shuli Wen & Ying-Yi Hong & David C. Yu & Yifei Bai, 2015. "Optimal Tilt Angle of Photovoltaic Arrays and Economic Allocation of Energy Storage System on Large Oil Tanker Ship," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-16, October.
    16. Facundo Bre & Antonio Caggiano & Eduardus A. B. Koenders, 2022. "Multiobjective Optimization of Cement-Based Panels Enhanced with Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials for Building Energy Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-17, July.
    17. Karim Mohamed Ragab & Mehmet Fatih Orhan & Kenan Saka & Yousef Zurigat, 2022. "A Study and Assessment of the Status of Energy Efficiency and Conservation at School Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-31, August.
    18. Shi, Luyang & Luo, Zhiwen & Matthews, Wendy & Wang, Zixuan & Li, Yuguo & Liu, Jing, 2019. "Impacts of urban microclimate on summertime sensible and latent energy demand for cooling in residential buildings of Hong Kong," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    19. Nayara R. M. Sakiyama & Joyce C. Carlo & Leonardo Mazzaferro & Harald Garrecht, 2021. "Building Optimization through a Parametric Design Platform: Using Sensitivity Analysis to Improve a Radial-Based Algorithm Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-25, May.
    20. Sara Eriksson & Lovisa Waldenström & Max Tillberg & Magnus Österbring & Angela Sasic Kalagasidis, 2019. "Numerical Simulations and Empirical Data for the Evaluation of Daylight Factors in Existing Buildings in Sweden," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-24, June.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:23:p:6782-:d:292295. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.