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Changes in Relative Fish Density Around a Deployed Tidal Turbine during on-Water Activities

Author

Listed:
  • Garrett Staines

    (Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 1529 West Sequim Bay Road, Sequim, WA 98382, USA)

  • Gayle Zydlewski

    (School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA)

  • Haley Viehman

    (Echoview Software, Hobart 7001, Australia)

Abstract

Global interest in mitigating climate change effects is a driver for the development of renewable energy sources. In-stream tidal power, a type of marine hydrokinetic (MHK) energy uses tidal currents to generate electricity and is one example of developing a renewable energy industry. Effects and impacts on fishes in areas of tidal power development are a consideration, and presently there are many unanswered questions in this field of research. Knowledge of how fish use these areas before and after device installation is essential to informing regulators for decision-making. We attempted a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) study design to compare an index of fish density near and away from an MHK tidal energy device deployed in Cobscook Bay, Maine. The index was mean volume backscattering strength (S v ) obtained from 24-hour stationary, down-looking hydroacoustic surveys. Data were collected several times per year at an “impact” site within 50–75 m of a device and at a “control” site approximately 1.6 km away, both before and after turbine installation in August 2012. Fish density was lowest in March surveys and highest in May surveys at both sites. One of four comparisons (August 2011/before vs. 2012/after) indicated an interaction of fish density with turbine installation. Operational status of the installed turbine and on-water activity disturbances (e.g., industry vessel and diving activities) varied at the impact site and possibly influenced results. Lower fish densities were observed during installation and maintenance periods than during normal device operation. The effects of construction activities must be separated from the effects of a deployed device to effectively implement a statistically rigorous assessment that could separate the effects of these different activities. This parsimonious approach and results were used for permit licensing by federal and state regulatory bodies at this site and others and can be used to consider regulatory adjustments during different phases of device operation and maintenance.

Suggested Citation

  • Garrett Staines & Gayle Zydlewski & Haley Viehman, 2019. "Changes in Relative Fish Density Around a Deployed Tidal Turbine during on-Water Activities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:22:p:6262-:d:284772
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Ye & Willman, Lindsay, 2014. "Feasibility analysis of offshore renewables penetrating local energy systems in remote oceanic areas – A case study of emissions from an electricity system with tidal power in Southern Alaska," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 42-53.
    2. Haley A Viehman & Gayle Barbin Zydlewski, 2017. "Multi-scale temporal patterns in fish presence in a high-velocity tidal channel," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(5), pages 1-20, May.
    3. Shen, Haixue & Zydlewski, Gayle Barbin & Viehman, Haley A. & Staines, Garrett, 2016. "Estimating the probability of fish encountering a marine hydrokinetic device," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 746-756.
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