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Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region

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  • Zygmunt Kruczek

    (Department of Natural Environment Sciencies, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland)

  • Zygmunt Kruczek

    (Department of Natural Environment Sciencies, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, 31-571 Krakow, Poland)

  • Michał Kruczek

    (Unit of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 33-332 Krakow, Poland)

  • Adam R. Szromek

    (Department of Organisation and Management, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

Abstract

An important problem for the development of tourism in the polar regions is the determination of the limit of tourist traffic that these regions can accept, without risking the degradation of the environment. One such region is Antarctica. This article describes the environmental conditions of Antarctica that decide its attractiveness for tourists, as well as its political and legal status. The factors that determine a tourist reception area of increasing intensity are analyzed. Based on the data of the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO), the volume of tourist traffic was determined, and environmental problems identified, which result from tourism development in Antarctica. The model of R.W. Butler—Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC)—was used to analyze the development of tourism. By the middle of the second decade of the 21st century, the number of tourists in the Antarctic region exceeded 40 thousand, which seems to be the largest figure (the “boom phase” in the Butler cycle) in sheer numbers, and which resulted in the introduction of less tourist-friendly behavior, from the point of view of environmental protection. On the basis of IAATO data, the environmental problems that are a consequence of the development of tourism in Antarctica are identified. Reference is made to climate change affecting the area, and on the basis of the Butler cycle, the hypothetical limits of the further development of tourism are described.

Suggested Citation

  • Zygmunt Kruczek & Zygmunt Kruczek & Michał Kruczek & Adam R. Szromek, 2018. "Possibilities of Using the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model to Understand and Provide Sustainable Solution for Tourism Development in the Antarctic Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:1:p:89-:d:125027
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. W. W. Rostow, 1959. "The Stages Of Economic Growth," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 12(1), pages 1-16, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaoping Gu & Carter A. Hunt & Michael L. Lengieza & Lijun Niu & Huiwen Wu & Yue Wang & Xiang Jia, 2020. "Evaluating Residents’ Perceptions of Nature-Based Tourism with a Factor-Cluster Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Adam R. Szromek & Zygmunt Kruczek & Bartłomiej Walas, 2019. "The Attitude of Tourist Destination Residents towards the Effects of Overtourism—Kraków Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Daniela Cajiao & Javier Benayas & Pablo Tejedo & Yu-Fai Leung, 2021. "Adaptive Management of Sustainable Tourism in Antarctica: A Rhetoric or Working Progress?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-21, July.
    4. Luciano Torres Tricárico & Paulo dos Santos Pires & Marinês da Conceição Walkowski, 2019. "Spaces for Collaborative Arrangements as Social Sustainability in Rural Accommodation in Brazil: Pouso dos Paula," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-19, June.
    5. Salvador Garcia-Ayllon, 2018. "Urban Transformations as an Indicator of Unsustainability in the P2P Mass Tourism Phenomenon: The Airbnb Case in Spain through Three Case Studies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-21, August.
    6. Jonek-Kowalska, Izabela, 2019. "Consolidation as a risk management method in the lifecycle of a mining company: A novel methodological approach and evidence from the coal industry in Poland," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 169-177.
    7. Jun Zhang & Li Cheng, 2019. "Threshold Effect of Tourism Development on Economic Growth Following a Disaster Shock: Evidence from the Wenchuan Earthquake, P.R. China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-22, January.
    8. Adam R. Szromek, 2019. "An Analytical Model of Tourist Destination Development and Characteristics of the Development Stages: Example of the Island of Bornholm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-16, December.
    9. Adam R. Szromek & Mateusz Naramski, 2019. "A Business Model in Spa Tourism Enterprises: Case Study from Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, May.
    10. Guomin Li & Wei Li & Yinke Dou & Yigang Wei, 2022. "Antarctic Shipborne Tourism: Carbon Emission and Mitigation Path," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-17, October.

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