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Improving Water Use Efficiency under Deficit Irrigation in the Jordan Valley

Author

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  • Maisa’a W. Shammout

    (Water, Energy and Environment Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Tala Qtaishat

    (Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Hala Rawabdeh

    (Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Muhammad Shatanawi

    (Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

Abstract

The Jordan Valley is the prime irrigated agricultural area in Jordan which suffers shortage of water putting severe limitation on water allocation to farmers. To alleviate the problem, deficit irrigation was proposed for some vegetables such as bell pepper. Two field experiments in two growing seasons were conducted using bell pepper ( Capsicum Annuum L.) to assess the effect of deficit irrigation on yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and water productivity (WP). The treatments were three irrigation levels: 100% (T1), 80% (T2), and 60% (T3) of the calculated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) using class A pan method. A cost–benefit analysis was carried out to determine the best economically suitable season for crop growth. The yields in both seasons were higher under T1, but there was no difference in WUE and WP between T1 and T2. The yield, WUE, and WP for T3 were significantly lower than for T1 and T2. Therefore, it is recommended to irrigate at 80% of ET. The best results were obtained for the total gross margin and the net present value in the winter season. Using deficit irrigation reduces water usage without significant yield loss, meanwhile maintaining relatively high WUE and supporting the sustainability of agriculture in the Jordan Valley.

Suggested Citation

  • Maisa’a W. Shammout & Tala Qtaishat & Hala Rawabdeh & Muhammad Shatanawi, 2018. "Improving Water Use Efficiency under Deficit Irrigation in the Jordan Valley," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:4317-:d:184386
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, H., 2003. "Improving water productivity through deficit irrigation: examples from Syria, the North China Plain and Oregon, USA," IWMI Books, Reports H032649, International Water Management Institute.
    2. Orgaz, F. & Fernandez, M.D. & Bonachela, S. & Gallardo, M. & Fereres, E., 2005. "Evapotranspiration of horticultural crops in an unheated plastic greenhouse," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 72(2), pages 81-96, March.
    3. Maisa’a Shammout & Muhammad Shatanawi & Sawsan Naber, 2013. "Participatory Optimization Scenario for Water Resources Management: A Case from Jordan," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(7), pages 1949-1962, May.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Wang, Zeyi & Zhang, Hengjia & Wang, Yingying & Wang, Yong & Lei, Lian & Liang, Chao & Wang, Yucai, 2023. "Deficit irrigation decision-making of indigowoad root based on a model coupling fuzzy theory and grey relational analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    3. Sedat Boyacı & Joanna Kocięcka & Barbara Kęsicka & Atılgan Atılgan & Daniel Liberacki, 2025. "Assessment of the Crop Water Stress Index for Green Pepper Cultivation Under Different Irrigation Levels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(13), pages 1-19, June.
    4. Fernández, J.E. & Alcon, F. & Diaz-Espejo, A. & Hernandez-Santana, V. & Cuevas, M.V., 2020. "Water use indicators and economic analysis for on-farm irrigation decision: A case study of a super high density olive tree orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 237(C).
    5. Mohammad Alqadi & Armin Margane & Marwan Al Raggad & HE Ali Subah & Markus Disse & Ibraheem Hamdan & Gabriele Chiogna, 2019. "Implementation of Simple Strategies to Improve Wellfield Management in Arid Regions: The Case Study of Wadi Al Arab Wellfield, Jordan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-23, October.

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