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Modeling irrigation and nitrogen management of wheat in northern Ethiopia

Author

Listed:
  • Araya, A.
  • Prasad, P.V.V.
  • Gowda, P.H.
  • Afewerk, A.
  • Abadi, B.
  • Foster, A.J.

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important staple food crops in Ethiopia. However, its production is limited by moisture and nutrient stresses. A field experiment was conducted in northern Ethiopia to: (i) evaluate the effects of irrigation and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application rates on yield, biomass and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of wheat; (ii) calibrate and validate a crop model for simulating yield and biomass of wheat under different levels of nitrogen and irrigation applications; (iii) evaluate consecutive above-ground biomass accumulation as affected by different combinations of irrigation and N fertilizer rates. The Decision Support for Agro technology Transfer Cropping System Model (DSSAT-CSM) was calibrated and validated with experimental data. The calibrated and validated DSSAT-CSM was used to simulate wheat biomass, yield, and irrigation water productivity under rainfed and three irrigation scenarios: I0, rainfed; DI1, two irrigations from heading to flowering; DI2, four irrigations from heading to early grain filling; and DI3, six irrigations from heading to mid grain filling period in combination with nine N rates (0, 16, 32, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128 and 160 kg/ha). Simulation results showed that both irrigation and nitrogen applications positively affected wheat yield, biomass and IWP. Much of the increase in biomass and yield was due to increased N than to increased irrigation. Yield increased with increase in N application rates, however, at a diminishing rate yielding a curvilinear relationship. Four irrigation (DI2) starting from heading to early grain filling stage resulted in a yield similar to DI3, six irrigation applications from heading to mid grain filling stage. Simulations showed that two irrigation applications strategy (DI1) yielded relatively higher IWP (1.8 kg/m3) at the highest application rate of 160 kg N/ha. Further economic analysis would help to identify most efficient practices for wheat production in northern Ethiopia.

Suggested Citation

  • Araya, A. & Prasad, P.V.V. & Gowda, P.H. & Afewerk, A. & Abadi, B. & Foster, A.J., 2019. "Modeling irrigation and nitrogen management of wheat in northern Ethiopia," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 264-272.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:216:y:2019:i:c:p:264-272
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.01.014
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    Cited by:

    1. A. Araya & P. V. V. Prasad & P. H. Gowda & M. Djanaguiraman & A. H. Kassa, 2020. "Potential impacts of climate change factors and agronomic adaptation strategies on wheat yields in central highlands of Ethiopia," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 159(3), pages 461-479, April.
    2. Michael Friedrich Tröster & Johannes Sauer, 2021. "IoFarm in Field Test: Does a Cost-Optimal Choice of Fertilization Influence Yield, Protein Content, and Market Performance in Crop Production?," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-22, June.

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