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Analyzing the Level of Accessibility of Public Urban Green Spaces to Different Socially Vulnerable Groups of People

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  • K M Atikur Rahman

    (School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China)

  • Dunfu Zhang

    (School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, 99, Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China)

Abstract

This study estimates the factors affecting socially vulnerable groups’ demand for and accessibility levels to green public spaces in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Dhaka is a high-density city with one of the lowest levels of green space per capita in the world. Dhaka has just 8.5% of tree-covered lands, while an ideal city requires at least 20% of green space. Urban public green space provides a healthy environment to city dwellers as well as ecological soundness. This study aims to examine the effects of population density and size of a community area (Thana) on the social demand for and accessibility to green parks. To determine the socially vulnerable group demand index, this study used demographic data from the National Population and Housing Census 2011 conducted by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. This study used geographical data extracted from Google Earth Pro to measure accessibility levels, and additionally analyzed geographical data with ArcGIS 10.0 and Google Earth Pro. We drew radius circles using Free Map Tools to measure time-distance weighted scores from community areas to urban green spaces. The results show that the large population size of socially vulnerable groups creates very high demand at the score of 0.61 for urban green public parks and small-sized, high-density community areas generate very good accessibility at 2.01% to green public spaces. These findings are highly useful to policymakers, urban planners, landscape engineers, and city governments to make a compact city sustainable, inclusive, and resilient. Moreover, the notion of a “smart city” might be a smart solution in order to manage Dhaka Megacity sustainably in this modern technological age.

Suggested Citation

  • K M Atikur Rahman & Dunfu Zhang, 2018. "Analyzing the Level of Accessibility of Public Urban Green Spaces to Different Socially Vulnerable Groups of People," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-27, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:11:p:3917-:d:178798
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    Cited by:

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    2. Conghui Zhou & Yun Wu, 2020. "A Planning Support Tool for Layout Integral Optimization of Urban Blue–Green Infrastructure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-22, February.
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    6. Zhuo Zheng & Zihan Zhang & Siyuan Wang, 2023. "Measurement and Development of Park Green Space Supply and Demand Based on Community Units: The Example of Beijing’s Daxing New Town," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-22, April.
    7. Abdullah Addas & Ahmad Maghrabi, 2020. "A Proposed Planning Concept for Public Open Space Provision in Saudi Arabia: A Study of Three Saudi Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-36, August.
    8. Huiying Li & Dianfeng Liu & Jianhua He, 2022. "Exploring Differentiated Conservation Priorities of Urban Green Space Based on Tradeoffs of Ecological Functions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-14, February.
    9. Zehua Wang & Fachao Liang & Sheng-Hau Lin, 2023. "Can socially sustainable development be achieved through homestead withdrawal? A hybrid multiple-attributes decision analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-18, December.
    10. YunEui Choi & Eunhye Ji & Jinhyung Chon, 2021. "Development and Verification of the Effectiveness of a Fine Dust Reduction Planting Model for Socially Vulnerable Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-18, August.
    11. Yaqi Du & Rong Zhao, 2022. "Research on the Development of Urban Parks Based on the Perception of Tourists: A Case Study of Taihu Park in Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-18, April.
    12. Ilija Gubic & Oana Baloi, 2019. "Implementing the New Urban Agenda in Rwanda: Nation-Wide Public Space Initiatives," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 4(2), pages 223-236.
    13. Justyna Rubaszek & Janusz Gubański & Anna Podolska, 2023. "Do We Need Public Green Spaces Accessibility Standards for the Sustainable Development of Urban Settlements? The Evidence from Wrocław, Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-26, February.
    14. Bo-Xun Huang & Shang-Chia Chiou & Wen-Ying Li, 2020. "Accessibility and Street Network Characteristics of Urban Public Facility Spaces: Equity Research on Parks in Fuzhou City Based on GIS and Space Syntax Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-19, April.
    15. Yuyang Zhou & Minhe Zhao & Songtao Tang & William H. K. Lam & Anthony Chen & N. N. Sze & Yanyan Chen, 2020. "Assessing the Relationship between Access Travel Time Estimation and the Accessibility to High Speed Railway Station by Different Travel Modes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-15, September.
    16. Wenbin Luo & Mingming Su, 2018. "A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Urban Parkland Expansion in China and Practical Implications to Enhance Urban Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, December.
    17. Qidi Dong & Heng Lu & Xiaohong Luo & Pengman He & Di Li & Linjia Wu & Yundi Wei & Xuli Chen, 2023. "Evaluation and Optimization of Green Space Fairness in Urban Built-Up Areas Based on an Improved Supply and Demand Model: A Case Study of Chengdu, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-22, October.
    18. Weiyi Yu & Bindong Sun & Hong Hu, 2019. "Sustainable Development Research on the Spatial Differences in the Elderly Suitability of Shanghai Urban Parks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-19, November.
    19. S.M. Labib & Faysal Kabir Shuvo & Matthew H. E. M. Browning & Alessandro Rigolon, 2020. "Noncommunicable Diseases, Park Prescriptions, and Urban Green Space Use Patterns in a Global South Context: The Case of Dhaka, Bangladesh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-23, May.
    20. Xueqi Wang & Zhichong Zou, 2021. "Open Data Based Urban For-Profit Music Venues Spatial Layout Pattern Discovery," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-22, June.
    21. Daniel R Richards & Tze Kwan Fung & Rachel A T Leong & Uma Sachidhanandam & Zuzana Drillet & Peter J Edwards, 2020. "Demographic biases in engagement with nature in a tropical Asian city," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, April.
    22. Cristina Ayala-Azcarraga & Daniel Diaz & Tania Fernandez & Fernando Cordova-Tapia & Luis Zambrano, 2023. "Uneven Distribution of Urban Green Spaces in Relation to Marginalization in Mexico City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-14, August.
    23. Mansoor Maitah & Daniel Toth & Luboš Smutka & Kamil Maitah & Veronika Jarolínová, 2020. "Income Differentiation as a Factor of Unsustainability in Forestry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-14, June.

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