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Supply Risk Considerations for the Elements in Nickel-Based Superalloys

Author

Listed:
  • Christoph Helbig

    (Resource Lab, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstr. 16, 86159 Augsburg, Germany)

  • Alex M. Bradshaw

    (Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
    Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany)

  • Andrea Thorenz

    (Resource Lab, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstr. 16, 86159 Augsburg, Germany)

  • Axel Tuma

    (Resource Lab, University of Augsburg, Universitaetsstr. 16, 86159 Augsburg, Germany)

Abstract

Nickel-based superalloys contain various elements which are added in order to make the alloys more resistant to thermal and mechanical stress and to the adverse operating environments in jet engines. In particular, higher combustion temperatures in the gas turbine are important, since they result in higher fuel efficiency and thus in lower CO 2 emissions. In this paper, a semi-quantitative assessment scheme is used to evaluate the relative supply risks associated with elements contained in various Ni-based superalloys: aluminium, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium. Twelve indicators on the elemental level and four aggregation methods are applied in order to obtain the supply risk at the alloy level. The supply risks for the elements rhenium, molybdenum and cobalt are found to be the highest. For three of the aggregation schemes, the spread in supply risk values for the different alloy types (as characterized by chemical composition and the endurance temperature) is generally narrow. The fourth, namely the cost-share’ aggregation scheme, gives rise to a broader distribution of supply risk values. This is mainly due to the introduction of rhenium as a component starting with second-generation single crystal alloys. The resulting higher supply risk appears, however, to be acceptable for jet engine applications due to the higher temperatures these alloys can endure.

Suggested Citation

  • Christoph Helbig & Alex M. Bradshaw & Andrea Thorenz & Axel Tuma, 2020. "Supply Risk Considerations for the Elements in Nickel-Based Superalloys," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jresou:v:9:y:2020:i:9:p:106-:d:406364
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Griffin, Gillian & Gaustad, Gabrielle & Badami, Kedar, 2019. "A framework for firm-level critical material supply management and mitigation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 262-276.
    2. Helbig, Christoph & Bradshaw, Alex M. & Kolotzek, Christoph & Thorenz, Andrea & Tuma, Axel, 2016. "Supply risks associated with CdTe and CIGS thin-film photovoltaics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 422-433.
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    1. Christoph Helbig & Martin Bruckler & Andrea Thorenz & Axel Tuma, 2021. "An Overview of Indicator Choice and Normalization in Raw Material Supply Risk Assessments," Resources, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-26, August.
    2. Werner, Tim T. & Mudd, Gavin M. & Jowitt, Simon M. & Huston, David, 2023. "Rhenium mineral resources: A global assessment," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

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